ReviewMucosal immunology2017
The respiratory tract microbiome and lung inflammation: a two-way street.
Review in Mucosal immunology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 340 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
340 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- COVID-19 alters human microbiomes: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Pooled it
- Ambient air pollution and non-communicable respiratory illness in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of the literature.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Pooled it
- Metabolic flux analysis revealed key roles of ArcB in ADI pathway and IlvC in BCAA biosynthesis duringVirulence · 2026Article
- Respiratory mucosal immunity: Biological functions, diseases, prevention and therapy.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- The role of the respiratory microbiome in acute and chronic respiratory diseases.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Lung microbiome features associated with ICU delirium in mechanically ventilated patients: a secondary cohort analysis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Baicalein Attenuates Disuse-Driven Skeletal Senescence in Association with Gut Microbiota Modulation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Lung microbiota dysbiosis exacerbates influenza virus infection.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Analysis of the pulmonary microbiome in ARDS patients using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing: a retrospective observational study.Journal of intensive care · 2026Article
- Role of Oral-Lung Infection Axis on Respiratory Health.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- From Diet to Dysbiosis: How Nutritional Factors Shape Gut Microbiota and Drive Airway Inflammation in Pediatric Asthma.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Early Environments, Lasting Effects: Air Pollution, Microbes, and Respiratory Infection Risk in Children.Pediatric pulmonology · 2026Review
- Sympathetic denervation alters pulmonary microbiota diversity and composition in mice.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026Article
- Harnessing the microbiome: a new frontier in lung cancer immunotherapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- The Gut-Lung Microbiome Axis in Alveolar Stem Cell Regeneration and Lung Repair.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Inhaled Corticosteroids Influence Pulmonary Microbiota in Severe Equine Asthma.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- The respiratory microbiome: dynamics from health to disease.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2026Review
- The human lung microbiome progressively diminishes in the distal alveolar regions.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Metatranscriptomic analysis of upper and lower respiratory tract microbiomes in patients with tuberculosis and community-acquired pneumonia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Respiratory Microbiome Remodeling in Aging: Implications for Immunosenescence and Therapeutic Intervention.Immune network · 2026Review
280 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The lungs are not sterile or free from bacteria; rather, they harbor a distinct microbiome whose composition is driven by different ecological rules than for the gastrointestinal tract. During disease, there is often a shift in community composition towards Gammaproteobacteria, the bacterial class that contains many common lung-associated gram-negative "pathogens." Numerous byproducts of host inflammation are growth factors for these bacteria. The extracellular nutrient supply for bacteria in the lungs, which is severely limited during health, markedly increases due to the presence of mucus and vascular permeability. While Gammaproteobacteria benefit from airway inflammation, they also encode molecular components that promote inflammation, potentially creating a cyclical inflammatory mechanism. In contrast, Prevotella species that are routinely acquired via microaspiration from the oral cavity may participate in immunologic homeostasis of the airways.vAreas of future research include determining for specific lung diseases (1) whether an altered lung microbiome initiates disease pathogenesis, promotes chronic inflammation, or is merely a marker of injury and inflammation, (2) whether the lung microbiome can be manipulated therapeutically to change disease progression, (3) what molecules (metabolites) generated during an inflammatory response promote cross-kingdom signaling, and (4) how the lung "ecosystem" collapses during pneumonia, to be dominated by a single pathogen.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.