Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27965289›Full record

ArticleGenome research2017

Large-scale reduction of the Bacillus subtilis genome: consequences for the transcriptional network, resource allocation, and metabolism.

Daniel R Reuß, Josef Altenbuchner, Ulrike Mäder, Hermann Rath, Till Ischebeck, Praveen Kumar Sappa, Andrea Thürmer, Cyprien Guérin, Pierre Nicolas, Leif Steil and 7 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
92citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

92 citing papers in PubMed, 163 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  8. Application of multiple genomic-editing technologies inSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025
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  12. Establishment of the CRISPR-Cpf1 gene editing system inSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2025
    Article
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  14. Article
  15. Metabolic Profile of the Genome-ReducedACS synthetic biology · 2024
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Daniel R ReußDepartment of General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Josef AltenbuchnerInstitute for Industrial Genetics, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
Ulrike MäderInterfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
Hermann RathInterfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
Till IschebeckDepartment of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Praveen Kumar SappaInterfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
Andrea ThürmerDepartment of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Cyprien GuérinMaIAGE, INRA Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Pierre NicolasMaIAGE, INRA Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France.
Leif SteilInterfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
Bingyao ZhuDepartment of General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Ivo FeussnerDepartment of Plant Biochemistry, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Stefan KlumppInstitute for Nonlinear Dynamics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Rolf DanielDepartment of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Fabian M CommichauDepartment of General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Uwe VölkerInterfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
Jörg StülkeDepartment of General Microbiology, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
University of Göttingen · DEUniversitätsmedizin Greifswald · DEUniversité Paris-Saclay · FRUniversity of Stuttgart · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding cellular life requires a comprehensive knowledge of the essential cellular functions, the components involved, and their interactions. Minimized genomes are an important tool to gain this knowledge. We have constructed strains of the model bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, whose genomes have been reduced by ∼36%. These strains are fully viable, and their growth rates in complex medium are comparable to those of wild type strains. An in-depth multi-omics analysis of the genome reduced strains revealed how the deletions affect the transcription regulatory network of the cell, translation resource allocation, and metabolism. A comparison of gene counts and resource allocation demonstrates drastic differences in the two parameters, with 50% of the genes using as little as 10% of translation capacity, whereas the 6% essential genes require 57% of the translation resources. Taken together, the results are a valuable resource on gene dispensability in B. subtilis, and they suggest the roads to further genome reduction to approach the final aim of a minimal cell in which all functions are understood.

Indexed as

Transcription, GeneticBacillus subtilisBacterial ProteinsGene Expression Regulation, BacterialGene Regulatory NetworksGenes, EssentialGenome, BacterialBacterial Proteins

Identifiers

PMID27965289
PMCPMC5287234
OpenAlexW2566894387

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.