ArticleThe Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine2017
Believability of Cigar Warning Labels Among Adolescents.
Article in The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effectiveness of graphic health warnings on tobacco products: a systematic review on perceived harm and quit intentions.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Systematic review of cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars among adolescents: Setting research agenda to inform tobacco control policy.Addictive behaviors · 2019Pooled it
- Designing Social Media Health Warnings for Teenagers and Young Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA health forum · 2026Trial
- Perceived Effectiveness of Cigar Warnings Among Young People in the U.S.American journal of preventive medicine · 2026Trial
- Designing More Effective Cigar Warnings: An Experiment Among Adult Cigar Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Indonesian Adolescents' Perceptions of Front-of-Package Labels on Packaged Food and Drinks.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- The Role of Harm Visibility for Pictorial Health Warning Labels on Cigars.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Perceived message effectiveness of cigar warning themes among adults in the United States.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Packaging Characteristics of Top-Selling Cigars in the United States, 2018.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Article
- Cigar Warning Noticing and Demographic and Usage Correlates: Analysis from the United States Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, Wave 5.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Experts' Perceptions of and Suggestions for Cigar Warning Label Messages and Pictorials.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Should Graphic Warning Labels Proposed for Cigarette Packages Sold in the United States Mention the Food and Drug Administration?Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Research on Youth and Young Adult Tobacco Use, 2013-2018, From the Food and Drug Administration-National Institutes of Health Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Review
- A Perspective on Age Restrictions and Other Harm Reduction Approaches Targeting Youth Online Gambling, Considering Convergences of Gambling and Videogaming.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Cigarette Constituent Health Communications for Smokers: Impact of Chemical, Imagery, and Source.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Article
- Do Smokers Recall Source or Quitline on Cigarette Constituent Messages?Tobacco regulatory science · 2018Article
- Are Some of the Cigar Warnings Mandated in the U.S. More Believable Than Others?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeDespite high rates of cigar use among youth, little information exists about how cigar warnings are received by youth. We examined believability of different cigar warning messages with different sources among adolescents in a national phone survey.
methodsAdolescents (aged 13-17 years) in the US (N = 1,125; total response rate, 66%) were randomized to receive one of three health messages ("cigar smoking can cause cancers of the mouth and throat, even if you do not inhale," "cigar smoking can cause lung cancer and heart disease," and "cigars are not a safe alternative to cigarettes") and one of four warning sources (Food and Drug Administration, Surgeon General, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and no source). Believability was assessed with "how believable is this warning," and responses were dichotomized for "not at all or somewhat" versus "very."
resultsWeighted logistic regression results indicated that most youth found the cigar warnings very believable (60.5%). Messages about mouth and throat cancer (regardless of inhalation) and the safety of cigars in comparison to cigarettes were rated as significantly less believable than messages about lung cancer and heart disease related to cigars. There were no significant differences by source or other demographics. However, youth susceptible to using cigarettes were less likely to report the cigar warnings to be very believable.
conclusionsThe messages of cigar warning labels are not viewed as equally believable among adolescents. Future studies should examine how youth process messages about health effects of cigars and the impact of different cigar warnings on youth experimentation with and use of cigars.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.