Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27965002›Full record

ArticleThe lancet. Psychiatry2017

Prevalence and clinical characteristics of serum neuronal cell surface antibodies in first-episode psychosis: a case-control study.

Belinda R Lennox, Emma C Palmer-Cooper, Thomas Pollak, Jane Hainsworth, Jacqui Marks, Leslie Jacobson, Bethan Lang, Hannah Fox, Berne Ferry, Linda Scoriels and 5 more

Erratum issuedOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The lancet. Psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 83 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
15.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 173 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Autoantibodies and Inflammation in Schizophrenia.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Belinda R LennoxDepartment of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: belinda.lennox@psych.ox.ac.uk.
Emma C Palmer-CooperDepartment of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Thomas PollakInstitute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
Jane HainsworthDepartment of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Jacqui MarksDepartment of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Leslie JacobsonNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bethan LangNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Hannah FoxDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Immunology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Berne FerryDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Immunology, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
Linda ScorielsDepartment of Psychiatry, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Hannah CrowleyDepartment of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Peter B JonesDepartment of Psychiatry, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Paul J HarrisonDepartment of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Angela VincentNuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
PPiP study team
University of Oxford · GBWarneford Hospital · GBChurchill Hospital · GBUniversity of Cambridge · GBKing's College London · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/N019067/1Wellcome Trust 084655
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPsychosis is a common presenting feature in antibody-mediated encephalitis, for which prompt recognition and treatment usually leads to remission. We aimed to investigate whether people with circumscribed schizophrenia-like illnesses have such antibodies-especially antibodies against the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-more commonly than do healthy controls.

methodsWe recruited patients aged 14-35 years presenting to any of 35 mental health services sites across England with first-episode psychosis, less than 6 weeks of treatment with antipsychotic medication, and a score of 4 or more on at least one selected Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) item. Patients and controls provided venous blood samples. We completed standardised symptom rating scales (PANSS, ACE-III, GAF) at baseline, and tested serum samples for antibodies against NMDAR, LGI1, CASPR2, the GABA

findingsBetween Feb 1, 2013, and Aug 31, 2014, we enrolled 228 patients with first-episode psychosis and 105 healthy controls. 20 (9%) of 228 patients had serum antibodies against one or more of the neuronal cell surface antibodies compared with four (4%) of 105 controls (unadjusted odds ratio 2·4, 95% CI 0·8-7·3). These associations remained non-significant when adjusted for current cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and illicit drug use. Seven (3%) patients had NMDAR antibodies compared with no controls (p=0·0204). The other antibodies did not differ between groups. Antibody-positive patients had lower PANSS positive, PANSS total, and catatonia scores than did antibody-negative patients. Patients had comparable scores on other PANSS items, ACE-III, and GAF at baseline, with no difference in outcomes at 6 months.

interpretationSome patients with first-episode psychosis had antibodies against NMDAR that might be relevant to their illness, but did not differ from patients without NMDAR antibodies in clinical characteristics. Our study suggests that the only way to detect patients with these potentially pathogenic antibodies is to screen all patients with first-episode psychosis at first presentation.

fundingMedical Research Council.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAntibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, SurfaceCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansMaleNeuronsPrevalencePsychotic DisordersYoung AdultAntibodies, MonoclonalAntigens, Surface

Identifiers

PMID27965002
PMCPMC5890880
OpenAlexW2559870756

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.