ArticlePloS one2016
A 45-Second Self-Test for Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Heart Rate-Based Estimation in Healthy Individuals.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Proof of concept of a 45-second cardiorespiratory fitness self-test for coronary artery disease patients based on accelerometry.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Health Benefits of Cycling as a Form of Active Travel: A Pilot Empirical Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Vascular, physical fitness, lifestyle, and body composition characteristics in middle-aged and older diver fishermen: association between shear rate and lower-limb physical fitness.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Cooper's 12 Minute Run Systematically Underestimates VOInternational journal of exercise science · 2026Article
- Migrant status and musculoskeletal complaints in greenhouse horticulture: integrating physical and psychosocial factors.Journal of migration and health · 2026Article
- Establish VOInternational journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Cardiopulmonary Reactivity in Bulgarian National Taekwon-Do Team Athletes.International journal of sports physical therapy · 2025Article
- Proof-of-concept model for instantaneous heart rate-drift correction during low and high exercise exertion.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Minimal Clinically Important Differences in Inspiratory Muscle Function Variables after a Respiratory Muscle Training Programme in Individuals with Long-Term Post-COVID-19 Symptoms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Modified Isoinertial-Based Ruffier Test in Healthy Individuals: A Feasibility Study.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2023Article
- The Determination of Step Frequency in 3-min Incremental Step-in-Place Tests for Predicting Maximal Oxygen Uptake from Heart Rate Response in Taiwanese Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Editorial: Exercise Prescription and Psychological Determinants for Healthy Living.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Are adolescents' physical activity and body-related factors associated with medically attended injuries?Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Effects of Heavy Isotopes (Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Correlate of Cardiovascular, Anthropometric, and Physical Risk Factors: Using the Ruffier Test as a Template.Canadian respiratory journal · 2020Article
- "Workplace Physical Activity Program" (WOPAP) study protocol: a four-arm randomized controlled trial on preventing burnout and promoting vigor.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cardio-respiratory fitness (CRF) is a widespread essential indicator in Sports Science as well as in Sports Medicine. This study aimed to develop and validate a prediction model for CRF based on a 45 second self-test, which can be conducted anywhere. Criterion validity, test re-test study was set up to accomplish our objectives. Data from 81 healthy volunteers (age: 29 ± 8 years, BMI: 24.0 ± 2.9), 18 of whom females, were used to validate this test against gold standard. Nineteen volunteers repeated this test twice in order to evaluate its repeatability. CRF estimation models were developed using heart rate (HR) features extracted from the resting, exercise, and the recovery phase. The most predictive HR feature was the intercept of the linear equation fitting the HR values during the recovery phase normalized for the height2 (r2 = 0.30). The Ruffier-Dickson Index (RDI), which was originally developed for this squat test, showed a negative significant correlation with CRF (r = -0.40), but explained only 15% of the variability in CRF. A multivariate model based on RDI and sex, age and height increased the explained variability up to 53% with a cross validation (CV) error of 0.532 L ∙ min-1 and substantial repeatability (ICC = 0.91). The best predictive multivariate model made use of the linear intercept of HR at the beginning of the recovery normalized for height2 and age2; this had an adjusted r2 = 0. 59, a CV error of 0.495 L·min-1 and substantial repeatability (ICC = 0.93). It also had a higher agreement in classifying CRF levels (κ = 0.42) than RDI-based model (κ = 0.29). In conclusion, this simple 45 s self-test can be used to estimate and classify CRF in healthy individuals with moderate accuracy and large repeatability when HR recovery features are included.
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