ArticleNeural plasticity2016
Vagus Nerve Stimulation Enhances Extinction of Conditioned Fear in Rats and Modulates Arc Protein, CaMKII, and GluN2B-Containing NMDA Receptors in the Basolateral Amygdala.
Article in Neural plasticity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- The heart knows best: baseline heart rate variability as guide to transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in depression.Translational psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Gut-to-brain interoceptive pathways in emotion-related behaviors.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2026Review
- Therapeutic potential of vagus nerve stimulation in neurodegenerative diseases: research progress and mechanisms.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- How Fear Memory is Updated: From Reconsolidation to Extinction?Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Review
- Ready for translation: non-invasive auricular vagus nerve stimulation inhibits psychophysiological indices of stimulus-specific fear and facilitates responding to repeated exposure in phobic individuals.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Vagus nerve stimulation rescues impaired fear extinction and social interaction in a rat model of autism spectrum disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2025Article
- A vagal route to memory: evidence from invasive and non-invasive electrical vagus nerve stimulation studies and areas for future clinical application.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Pairing tones with vagus nerve stimulation improves brain stem responses to speech in the valproic acid model of autism.Journal of neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Ascending Vagal Sensory and Central Noradrenergic Pathways Modulate Retrieval of Passive Avoidance Memory in Male Rats.Journal of neuroscience research · 2024Article
- Neural mechanisms responsible for vagus nerve stimulation-dependent enhancement of somatosensory recovery.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation on the P300: Do Stimulation Duration and Stimulation Type Matter?Brain sciences · 2024Article
- REM disruption and REM Vagal Activity Predict Extinction Recall in Trauma-Exposed Individuals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- An ascending vagal sensory-central noradrenergic pathway modulates retrieval of passive avoidance memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The gut-brain axis and cognitive control: A role for the vagus nerve.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2024Review
- Vagus nerve stimulation: mechanisms and factors involved in memory enhancement.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Review
- Attenuated interoceptive processing in individuals with major depressive disorder and high repetitive negative thinking.Journal of psychiatric research · 2022Article
- Timing of vagus nerve stimulation during fear extinction determines efficacy in a rat model of PTSD.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation as a Potential Therapy in Early Alzheimer's Disease: A Review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Review
- Vagus nerve stimulation promotes extinction generalization across sensory modalities.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2021Article
- CB1 Receptor Signaling Modulates Amygdalar Plasticity during Context-Cocaine Memory Reconsolidation to Promote Subsequent Cocaine Seeking.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) enhances the consolidation of extinction of conditioned fear. High frequency stimulation of the infralimbic cortex (IL) produces long-term potentiation in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) in rats given VNS-paired extinction training, whereas the same stimulation produces long-term depression in sham-treated rats. The present study investigated the state of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins in the BLA that could be responsible for this shift. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into 4 groups: auditory fear conditioning only (fear-conditioned); fear conditioning + 20 extinction trials (extended-extinction); fear conditioning + 4 extinction trials paired with sham stimulation (sham-extinction); fear conditioning + 4 extinction trials paired with VNS (VNS-extinction). Freezing was significantly reduced in extended-extinction and VNS-extinction rats. Western blots were used to quantify expression and phosphorylation state of synaptic plasticity-associated proteins such as Arc, CaMKII, ERK, PKA, and AMPA and NMDA receptors. Results show significant increases in GluN2B expression and phosphorylated CaMKII in BLA samples from VNS- and extended-extinction rats. Arc expression was significantly reduced in VNS-extinction rats compared to all groups. Administration of the GluN2B antagonist ifenprodil immediately after fear extinction training blocked consolidation of extinction learning. Results indicate a role for BLA CaMKII-induced GluN2B expression and reduced Arc protein in VNS-enhanced extinction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.