ArticleJournal of cataract and refractive surgery2016
Nonlinear optical corneal collagen crosslinking of ex vivo rabbit eyes.
Article in Journal of cataract and refractive surgery, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reactive oxygen species accelerated glycation for oxygen-independent corneal cross-linking.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Enhanced Riboflavin Stromal Delivery Using Microchannel-Assisted Iontophoresis for Corneal Crosslinking.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- In Vivo Femtosecond Laser Machined Transepithelial Nonlinear Optical Corneal Crosslinking Compared to Ultraviolet Corneal Crosslinking.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- A review of the epithelial and stromal effects of corneal collagen crosslinking.The ocular surface · 2023Review
- The impact of UV cross-linking on corneal stromal cell migration, differentiation and patterning.Experimental eye research · 2023Article
- Two-Photon Imaging for Non-Invasive Corneal Examination.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Nonlinear optical crosslinking (NLO CXL) for correcting refractive errors.Experimental eye research · 2020Review
- Enhanced Transepithelial Riboflavin Delivery Using Femtosecond Laser-Machined Epithelial Microchannels.Translational vision science & technology · 2020Article
- Nonlinear Optical Corneal Crosslinking, Mechanical Stiffening, and Corneal Flattening Using Amplified Femtosecond Pulses.Translational vision science & technology · 2019Article
- Collagen fiber crimping following in vivo UVA-induced corneal crosslinking.Experimental eye research · 2018Article
- Custom built nonlinear optical crosslinking (NLO CXL) device capable of producing mechanical stiffening in ex vivo rabbit corneas.Biomedical optics express · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine whether riboflavin-induced collagen crosslinking (CXL) could be precisely achieved in the corneal stroma of ex vivo rabbit eyes using nonlinear optical excitation with a low numerical aperture lens and enlarged focal volume.
settingGavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA.
designExperimental study.
methodsThe corneal epithelium was removed and the corneas were soaked in 0.5% riboflavin solution. Using a 0.1 numerical aperture objective, a theoretical excitation volume of 150 μm × 3 μm was generated using 1 W of 760 nm femtosecond laser light and raster scanned with 4.4 μm line separation at varying effective speeds over a 4.50 mm × 2.25 mm area. Corneal sections were examined for collagen autofluorescence.
resultsCollagen autofluorescence was enhanced 2.9 times compared with ultraviolet-A (UVA) CXL. Also, increasing speed was linearly associated with decreasing autofluorescence intensity. The slowest speed of 2.69 mm/s showed a mean of 182.97 μm ± 52.35 (SD) long autofluorescent scan lines axially in the central cornea compared with 147.84 ± 4.35 μm for UVA CXL.
conclusionsDecreasing dwell time was linearly associated with decreasing autofluorescence intensity, approaching that of UVA CXL at a speed of 8.9 mm/s. Using an effective speed of 8.9 mm/s, nonlinear optical CXL could be achieved over a 3.0 mm diameter area in fewer than 4 minutes. Further development of nonlinear optical CXL might result in safer, faster, and more effective CXL treatments. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.