ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Toll Like Receptor 2, 4, and 9 Signaling Promotes Autoregulative Tumor Cell Growth and VEGF/PDGF Expression in Human Pancreatic Cancer.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Open-Label Study of Subcutaneous CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide (PF03512676) in Combination with Trastuzumab in Patients with Metastatic HER2+ Breast Cancer.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterTrial
- Microbiome and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: mechanistic insights, microenvironmental interactions, and therapeutic implications.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Can Complex 3D Models Effectively Replace 2D and Animal Models to Investigate the Microbe-Tumor-Immune Axis in Pancreatic Cancer Studies?Nutrients · 2026Review
- TLR9: A Double-Dealing Toll-Like Receptor.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- The bacterial metabolite, lithocholic acid, has antineoplastic effects in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- TLR2 and TLR9 Blockade Using Specific Intrabodies Inhibits Inflammation-Mediated Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Robinin inhibits pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, EMT and inflammation via regulating TLR2-PI3k-AKT signaling pathway.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Article
- Review
- The pro- and antineoplastic effects of deoxycholic acid in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell models.Molecular biology reports · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Potential of Intrabodies for Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Status and Future Directions.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Review
- Cysteine cathepsin C: a novel potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma.Cancer cell international · 2022Article
- The expression and prognostic value of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in pancreatic cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy.PloS one · 2022Article
- Toll-like receptor 3 is a potential prognosis marker and associated with immune infiltration in stomach adenocarcinoma.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2022Article
- Exploration of the System-Level Mechanisms of the Herbal Drug FDY003 for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment: A Network Pharmacological Investigation.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- The Role of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) Mediated Inflammation in Pancreatic Cancer Pathophysiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- OncogenicCancers · 2021Review
- Article
- NF-κB and Pancreatic Cancer; Chapter and Verse.Cancers · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll like receptor (TLR) signaling has been suggested to play an important role in the inflammatory microenvironment of solid tumors and through this inflammation-mediated tumor growth. Here, we studied the role of tumor cells in their process of self-maintaining TLR expression independent of inflammatory cells and cytokine milieu for autoregulative tumor growth signaling in pancreatic cancer. We analyzed the expression of TLR2, -4, and -9 in primary human cancers and their impact on tumor growth via induced activation in several established pancreatic cancers. TLR-stimulated pancreatic cancer cells were specifically investigated for activated signaling pathways of VEGF/PDGF and anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL expression as well as tumor cell growth. The primary pancreatic cancers and cell lines expressed TLR2, -4, and -9. TLR-specific stimulation resulted in activated MAP-kinase signaling, most likely via autoregulative stimulation of demonstrated TLR-induced VEGF and PDGF expression. Moreover, TLR activation prompted the expression of Bcl-xL and has been demonstrated for the first time to induce tumor cell proliferation in pancreatic cancer. These findings strongly suggest that pancreatic cancer cells use specific Toll like receptor signaling to promote tumor cell proliferation and emphasize the particular role of TLR2, -4, and -9 in this autoregulative process of tumor cell activation and proliferation in pancreatic cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.