ArticlePediatrics2016
Screening in Primary Care: What Is the Best Way to Identify At-Risk Youth for Substance Use?
Article in Pediatrics, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Preventing alcohol and cannabis-impaired driving among adolescents: Effects of a web-intervention in a driver education program.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Trial
- Unveiling an 'invisible population': health, substance use, sexual behavior, culture, and discrimination among urban American Indian/Alaska Native adolescents in California.Ethnicity & health · 2021Trial
- Motivational interviewing and culture for urban Native American youth (MICUNAY): A randomized controlled trial.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2020Trial
- Understanding Which Teenagers Benefit Most From a Brief Primary Care Substance Use Intervention.Pediatrics · 2019Trial
- Associations between driving under the influence or riding with an impaired driver and future substance use among adolescents.Traffic injury prevention · 2019Trial
- Testing implementation support for evidence-based programs in community settings: a replication cluster-randomized trial of Getting To Outcomes®.Implementation science : IS · 2018Trial
- Brief motivational interviewing intervention to reduce alcohol and marijuana use for at-risk adolescents in primary care.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2018Trial
- The role of perceived access to cannabis in the association between friends who use cannabis and adolescent initiation: A longitudinal analysis from the Canadian COMPASS study.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Observational
- Adolescent Substance Use Screening in the Emergency Department.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2026Review
- Substance use risk screening and associated factors among Costa Rican secondary students: a nationally representative analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Improving alcohol and substance use screening in school-age children: translation, adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the CRAFFT tool for Lumasaaba, Uganda.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Nurse-Led Approaches to Lowering Alcohol Use among Adolescents: Study Findings.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2024Article
- Identifying Game-Based Digital Biomarkers of Cognitive Risk for Adolescent Substance Misuse: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Study design to evaluate a web-intervention to prevent alcohol and cannabis-impaired driving and use among adolescents in driver education.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Article
- Maturing out of alcohol and cannabis co-use: A test of patterns and personality predictors.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Article
- Disparities in functioning from alcohol and cannabis use among a racially/ethnically diverse sample of emerging adults.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Brief Underage Alcohol Use Screener Scores Predict Health Risk Behaviors.The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses · 2021Article
- Opioid misuse during late adolescence and its effects on risk behaviors, social functioning, health, and emerging adult roles.Addictive behaviors · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is important to improve primary care providers' capability to identify youth at risk for alcohol and other drug use. To our knowledge, this is the first study to use Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria to compare screeners for youth for both alcohol and marijuana, given that these are the most frequently used substances by this age group.
methodsWe compared the psychometric performance of 4 screeners: the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Screening Guide (NIAAA SG), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Car-Relax-Alone-Forget-Family and Friends-Trouble (CRAFFT) screener, and the Personal Experience Screening Questionnaire Problem Severity Scale (PESQ-PS) in identifying alcohol and marijuana use outcomes. Youth age 12 through 18 (N = 1573; 27% black, 51% Hispanic) were screened with the NIAAA SG, followed by a Web survey that included the other screeners and outcomes.
resultsSensitivity for alcohol outcomes indicated that the NIAAA SG (0.87) did not perform as well as the CRAFFT (0.97) or PESQ-PS (0.97) screeners but performed better than the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (0.70). The pattern for sensitivity across screeners for marijuana outcomes was similar.
conclusionsAn important tradeoff in primary care settings is precision versus practicality. Because of brevity and focus on frequency of drinking, the NIAAA SG offers ease of administration and is good at identifying youth with probably problematic drinking levels. The PESQ-PS and the CRAFFT correctly identify more at-risk youth for alcohol and marijuana than the NIAAA SG. Future work is needed to elucidate how to efficiently and accurately identify at-risk youth in the primary care setting, including determining the best cutoff points to use to increase sensitivity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.