ReviewBiochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer2017
Brain metastasis: Unique challenges and open opportunities.
Review in Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 92 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Multi-paramEtric Imaging to Assess Treatment REsponse After Stereotactic Radiosurgery of Brain Metastases
Glutamate Excitotoxicity in Brain Metastases From Lung, Breast and Melanoma Treated With Stereotactic Radiosurgery
Immunophenotype Characterization of Circulating and Tumor Infiltrating Immune Cells in Malignant Brain Tumors.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 165 citations in OpenAlex.
- The safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with gastrointestinal cancer brain metastasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2024Pooled it
- Breast brain metastases are associated with increased risk of leptomeningeal disease after stereotactic radiosurgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2020Pooled it
- Trial
- A Case Report of a 64-Year-Old Man With Urothelial Carcinoma With Brain and Leptomeningeal Metastases Treated With Intrathecal Methotrexate as Part of Multimodal Management.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Durable Intracranial Control Beyond Five Years in EGFR Wild-Type Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer with Sequential Brain Metastases Managed with Multimodal Therapy: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- FOXM1 expression is induced by the brain microenvironment and supports CRC brain metastatic adaptation.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2026Article
- Article
- Radionecrosis risk and local control after CyberKnifeRadiation oncology (London, England) · 2026Article
- Metabolic adaptations in cancer progression.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Establishment and validation of an orthotopic brain metastasis tumor model in C57BL/6 mice.PeerJ · 2026Article
- Neurobiological pathways underlying brain tumor progression: basis for oncogenicity and opportunities for immunotherapeutic intervention.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Comprehensive exploration of the role of multimodal programmed cell death- associated lncRNAs in the prognosis and immunity of glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- IRS2 as a driver of brain metastasis in colorectal cancer: A potential target for novel therapeutic strategies.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Astrocyte involvement in brain metastasis: from biological mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Capsanthin inhibits migration and reduces N-linked glycosylation of PD-L1 via the EZH2-PD-L1 axis in triple-negative breast cancer brain metastasis.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- Cancer brain metastasis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Molecular biomedicine · 2025Review
- Progress in personalized immunotherapy for patients with brain metastasis.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Review
- Breaking boundaries: role of the brain barriers in metastatic process.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Review
- Article
- Deep learning on brain metastasis for predicting EGFR genotype and EGFR-TKI therapy response in metastatic NSCLC: a multicenter study.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The metastasis of cancer to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a devastating clinical reality, carrying an estimated survival time of less than one year in spite of recent therapeutic breakthroughs for other disease contexts. Advances in brain metastasis research are hindered by a number of factors, including its complicated nature and the difficulty of modeling metastatic cancer growth in the unique brain microenvironment. In this review, we will discuss the clinical challenge, and compare the merits and limitations of the available models for brain metastasis research. Additionally, we will specifically address current knowledge on how brain metastases take advantage of the unique brain environment to benefit their own growth. Finally, we will explore the distinctive metabolic and chemical characteristics of the brain and how these paradoxically represent barriers to establishment of brain metastasis, but also provide ample supplies for metastatic cells' growth in the brain. We envision that multi-disciplinary innovative approaches will open opportunities for the field to make breakthroughs in tackling unique challenges of brain metastasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.