Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27938396›Full record

ArticleBMC research notes2016

Genetic polymorphisms of patients on stable warfarin maintenance therapy in a Ghanaian population.

William Kudzi, Samuel Yao Ahorhorlu, Bartholomew Dzudzor, Edeghonghon Olayemi, Edmund Tetteh Nartey, Richard Harry Asmah

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC research notes, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 16% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

William KudziCentre for Tropical Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. GP 4236, Accra, Ghana. wkudzi@yahoo.com.
Samuel Yao AhorhorluCentre for Tropical Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. GP 4236, Accra, Ghana.
Bartholomew DzudzorDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. GP 143, Accra, Ghana.
Edeghonghon OlayemiDepartment of Haematology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. GP 4236, Accra, Ghana.
Edmund Tetteh NarteyCentre for Tropical Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. GP 4236, Accra, Ghana.
Richard Harry AsmahDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. GP 143, Accra, Ghana.
University of Ghana · GH

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWarfarin is a widely prescribed anticoagulant with narrow therapeutic window for thromboembolic events. Warfarin displays large individual variability in dose requirements. The purpose of this study is to assess the contribution of patient-specific and genetic risk factors to dose requirements of patients on either high or low warfarin maintenance dose in Ghana. Blood samples were collected from 141 (62 males, 79 females) Ghanaian patients on stable warfarin dose to determine their INR. Influence of patient specific factors and gene variations within VKORC1, CYP2C9 and CYP4F2 were determined in patients on either high or low warfarin maintenance dose.

resultsOne hundred and forty-one patients took part in the study with 79 (56%) participants being Female. The median age of the study participants was 48 years [IQR: 34-58]. The median duration for patients to be on warfarin therapy was 24 months [IQR: 10-72]. Majority of the study participants (80.9%, n = 114) did not have any side effects to warfarin. CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 variant alleles were not detected. VKORC1 variant allele was observed at 6% and CYP4F2 variant allele was observed at 41%. Duration of patients on warfarin therapy was marginally associated with high warfarin dose (adjusted OR = 1.01 [95% CI 1.00-1.02], p = 0.033) while the odds of heterozygous individuals (G/A) for VKORC1 gene to have high warfarin dose compared to persons with homozygous (G/G) (adjusted OR = 0.06 [95% CI 0.01-0.63], p = 0.019). Age, gender, diagnosis, presence of side effects and other medications were not associated with warfarin dose (p = 0.05).

conclusionThis study provides data on VKORC1 and CYP4F2 variants among an indigenous African population. Duration of patients on warfarin therapy was marginally associated with high warfarin dose. CYP2C9*2 and *3 variants were not detected and may not be the most important genetic factor for warfarin maintenance dose among Ghanaians.

Indexed as

Polymorphism, GeneticAdolescentAdultAgedAllelesAnticoagulantsCytochrome P-450 CYP2C9Cytochrome P450 Family 4EthnicityFemaleGene FrequencyGenotypeGhanaHeterozygoteHumansInternational Normalized RatioAnticoagulantsCYP2C9 protein, humanCYP4F2 protein, humanCytochrome P-450 CYP2C9Cytochrome P450 Family 4Vitamin K Epoxide ReductasesVKORC1 protein, humanWarfarinAllele frequenciesCYP2C9CYP4F2PharmacogeneticsVKORC1Warfarin

Identifiers

PMID27938396
PMCPMC5148898
OpenAlexW2559971900

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.