Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27937534›Full record

ArticleJournal of psychoactive drugs

Patterns of HIV Risks and Related Factors among People Who Inject Drugs in Kermanshah, Iran: A Latent Class Analysis.

Hamid Sharifi, Ali Mirzazadeh, Alireza Noroozi, Brandon D L Marshall, Ali Farhoudian, Peter Higgs, Meroe Vameghi, Farahnaz Mohhamadi Shahboulaghi, Mostafa Qorbani, Omid Massah and 2 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of psychoactive drugs. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. An Evolving HIV Epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
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  12. Latent Risk Subtypes Based on Injection and Sexual Behavior Among People Who Inject Drugs in Rural Puerto Rico.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2018
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Hamid Sharifia Associate Professor, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran.
Ali Mirzazadeha Associate Professor, HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health , Kerman University of Medical Sciences , Kerman , Iran.
Alireza Noroozic Assistant Professor, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Brandon D L Marshalle Assistant Professor, Department of Epidemiology , Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA.
Ali Farhoudianf Assistant Professor, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center , University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Peter Higgsg Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health , La Trobe University , Melbourne , Australia.
Meroe Vameghih Assistant Professor, Social Welfare Management Research Center , University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Farahnaz Mohhamadi Shahboulaghii Associate Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Nursing Department , University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Mostafa Qorbanij Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine , Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran.
Omid Massahf Assistant Professor, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center , University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Bahram Armoonl Ph.D. Student, Student's Research Committee, School of Health , Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.
Mehdi Noroozif Assistant Professor, Substance Abuse and Dependence Research Center , University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences , Tehran , Iran.

Funding

Highly Adaptive Epidemic Control Strategies for HIV Prevention in Drug UsersDP2DA040236 · NIDA · BROWN UNIVERSITY · PI MARSHALL, BRANDON DAVID LEWIS · 2015 to 2015
$2.4M
NIDA NIH HHS DP2 DA040236
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The objective of this study was to explore patterns of drug use and sexual risk behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran. We surveyed 500 PWID in Kermanshah concerning demographic characteristics, sexual risk behaviors, and drug-related risk behaviors in the month prior to study. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to establish a baseline model of risk profiles and to identify the optimal number of latent classes, and we used ordinal regression to identify factors associated with class membership. Three classes of multiple HIV risk were identified. The probability of membership in the high-risk class was 0.33, compared to 0.26 and 0.40 for the low- and moderate-risk classes, respectively. Compared to members in the lowest-risk class (reference group), the highest-risk class members had higher odds of being homeless (OR = 4.5, CI: 1.44-8.22; p = 0.001) in the past 12 months. Members of the high-risk class had lower odds of regularly visiting a needle and syringe exchange program as compared to the lowest-risk class members (AOR = 0.42, CI: 0.2-0.81; p = 0.01). Findings show the sexual and drug-related HIV risk clusters among PWID in Iran, and emphasize the importance of developing targeted prevention and harm reduction programs for all domains of risk behaviors, both sexual and drug use related.

Indexed as

Risk-TakingAdolescentAdultAgedCross-Sectional StudiesHarm ReductionHIV InfectionsHumansIll-Housed PersonsIranMiddle AgedNeedle-Exchange ProgramsNeedle SharingRegression AnalysisSexual BehaviorSubstance Abuse, IntravenousDrug-related risk behaviorslatent class analysispeople who inject drugssexual risk behaviorssnowball sampling

Identifiers

PMID27937534
PMCPMC5586100

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.