ArticleJournal of studies on alcohol and drugs2017
Is 4/20 an Event-Specific Marijuana Holiday? A Daily Diary Investigation of Marijuana Use and Consequences Among College Students.
Article in Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond Frequency and Quantity of Cannabis Consumption Among College Students: Context of Using Cannabis Relates to Cannabis-Related Outcomes.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2025Article
- Is the 21st birthday a turning point for alcohol and cannabis use? A monthly study of young adults.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2024Article
- High Spirits? Exploring "Halloweekend" Alcohol and Cannabis Use Among Heavy-Drinking College Students.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2023Article
- Early Birds and Night Owls: Distinguishing Profiles of Cannabis Use Habits by Use Times with Latent Class Analysis.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2023Article
- Associations of mode of administration on cannabis consumption and subjective intoxication in daily life.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2022Article
- Using Young Adult Language to Describe the Effects of Simultaneous Alcohol and Marijuana Use: Implications for Assessment.Substance use & misuse · 2022Article
- Assessing subjective cannabis effects in daily life with contemporary young adult language.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- Dual trajectories of cannabis and alcohol use among young adults in a state with legal nonmedical cannabis.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2021Article
- PROFILES OF ALCOHOL AND MARIJUANA USE AMONG SIMULTANEOUS ALCOHOL AND MARIJUANA USERS: INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN DEMOGRAPHICS AND SUBSTANCE USE.Journal of drug issues · 2021Article
- Calendar Month Variation in Alcohol and Marijuana Use in a Community Sample of Young Adults.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2021Article
- "Buzzwords": Crowd-sourcing and quantifying U.S. young adult terminology for subjective effects of alcohol and marijuana use.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- A Day in the Life: A Daily Diary Examination of Marijuana Motives and Protective Behavioral Strategies among College Student Marijuana Users.Journal of drug issues · 2020Article
- Changes in Cigarette, E-Cigarette, and Cannabis Use among U.S. College Students Studying Abroad.Substance use & misuse · 2020Article
- Cannabis and alcohol use for sleep aid: A daily diary investigation.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2019Article
- Negative marijuana-related consequences among college students in five countries: measurement invariance of the Brief Marijuana Consequences Questionnaire.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
- Toward Real-Time Infoveillance of Twitter Health Messages.American journal of public health · 2018Article
- Event-Specific Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Motives.Substance use & misuse · 2018Article
- The April 20 Cannabis Celebration and Fatal Traffic Crashes in the United States.JAMA internal medicine · 2018Article
- When alcohol is only part of the problem: An event-level analysis of negative consequences related to alcohol and other substance use.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveGiven the popular association between April 20 ("4/20") and marijuana, the present study examined marijuana use and consequences on 4/20 compared with other days in order to test whether 4/20 is a high-risk, event-specific marijuana use holiday among college student marijuana users.
methodFifty-nine college student marijuana users from three different, large U.S. universities located in Virginia, New Mexico, and Colorado completed daily brief surveys (<10 minutes) over a 12-day (April 15-April 26) period assessing prior-day marijuana use (i.e., percentage of users who consumed marijuana, number of unique marijuana use sessions, subjective high/intoxication while under the influence of marijuana, and number of grams of marijuana consumed) and marijuana-related consequences.
resultsUsing oneway repeated-measures analyses of variance, we found that (a) 50% of students reported using marijuana on 4/20, which was significantly more than weekdays (28%) and weekend days (37%); (b) students reported a significantly higher number of unique marijuana use sessions on 4/20 (M = 1.47) compared with weekdays (M = 0.91); and (c) students reported a significantly higher number of grams consumed on 4/20 (M = 0.79) compared with weekdays (M = 0.35) and weekend days (M = 0.47).
conclusionsOur study provides preliminary support that 4/20 is a day associated with increased marijuana use but provides little evidence for an association with more problematic use.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.