Observational studyPloS one2016
Can Wound Exudate from Venous Leg Ulcers Measure Wound Pain Status?: A Pilot Study.
Observational study in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein Biomarkers in Venous Leg Ulcer Fluid: A Systematic Review.International wound journal · 2025Pooled it
- Pain in persons with chronic venous leg ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.International wound journal · 2020Pooled it
- Methods for sampling wound fluid from venous leg ulcers for molecular analyses: A scoping review.International wound journal · 2023Article
- Activation of healing and reduction of pain by single-use automated microcurrent electrical stimulation therapy in patients with hard-to-heal wounds.International wound journal · 2023Article
- The association of wound factors and symptoms of fatigue and pain with wound healing in chronic venous leg ulcers.International wound journal · 2023Article
- A simplified method for monitoring cytokines in wound fluid.Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society · 2023Article
- Wound fluid sampling methods for proteomic studies: A scoping review.Wound repair and regeneration : official publication of the Wound Healing Society [and] the European Tissue Repair Society · 2022Article
- Longitudinal peripheral tissue RNA-Seq transcriptomic profiling, hyperalgesia, and wound healing in the rat plantar surgical incision model.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Multidimensional Pain Characteristics in Older Adults with Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers.Advances in wound care · 2021Observational
- Why Venous Leg Ulcers Have Difficulty Healing: Overview on Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, and Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Wound Pain and Wound Healing Biomarkers From Wound Exudate: A Scoping Review.Journal of wound, ostomy, and continence nursing : official publication of The Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses SocietyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigated the associations between the self-evaluated pain status and two pain biomarker candidates, nerve growth factor and S100A8/A9, in exudate from venous leg ulcer to finally develop an objective pain evaluation method. Patients with venous leg ulcer participated in this cross-sectional observational study conducted between April and October 2014 at two medical facilities. During routine wound care, each participant self-evaluated their pain status at each examination using the 10-point numerical rating scale (present pain intensity) and the short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire 2 (continuous pain, intermittent pain, neuropathic pain, affective descriptors, and total score). Venous leg ulcer exudate sample was collected after wound cleansing. The nerve growth factor and S100A8/A9 concentrations in the venous leg ulcer exudate were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and standardized according to the wound area. The association between each pain status and the two standardized protein concentrations was evaluated using Spearman's correlation coefficient. In 30 sample collected from 13 participants, the standardized nerve growth factor concentration was negatively correlated with continuous pain (ρ = -0.47, P = 0.01), intermittent pain (ρ = -0.48, P = 0.01), neuropathic pain (ρ = -0.51, P = 0.01), and total score (ρ = -0.46, P = 0.01). The standardized S100A8/A9 concentration was positively correlated with present pain intensity (ρ = 0.46, P = 0.03) and continuous pain (ρ = 0.48, P = 0.03). Thus, these two proteins may be useful for objective evaluation of wound pain in venous leg ulcer patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.