ArticlePloS one2016
Change in Serum Bilirubin Level as a Predictor of Incident Metabolic Syndrome.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between metabolic syndrome and uric acid: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Association of Serum Bilirubin With Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Association Between Adiposity and Low Total Serum Bilirubin Concentration: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the relationship between serum total bilirubin and risk of incident metabolic syndrome in community-dwelling adults: Propensity score analysis using longitudinal cohort data over 16 years.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
- Inverse association between serum bilirubin level and testosterone deficiency in middle-aged and older men.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Are total bilirubin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein independently associated with Type 2 diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women?Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2021Article
- Utility of Serum Albumin for Predicting Incident Metabolic Syndrome according to Hyperuricemia.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2018Article
- Direct Bilirubin Levels and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Healthy Chinese Men.BioMed research international · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimSerum bilirubin level was negatively associated with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in previous cross-sectional studies. However, bilirubin variance preceding the development of MetS has yet to be investigated. We aimed to determine the effect of change in bilirubin concentration on the risk of incident MetS in healthy Korean adults.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of subjects who had undergone at least four yearly health check-ups between 2006 and 2012. Of 24,185 total individuals who received annual check-ups, 11,613 non-MetS participants with a baseline bilirubin level not exceeding 34.2 μmol/l were enrolled. We evaluated the association between percent change in bilirubin and risk of incident MetS.
resultsDuring 55,407 person-years of follow-up, 2,439 cases of incident MetS developed (21.0%). Baseline serum bilirubin level clearly showed no association with the development of MetS in men but an independent significant inverse association in women which attenuated (hence may be mediated) by elevated homeostatic model assessment index 2 for insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). However, increased risk for incident MetS was observed in higher percent change in bilirubin quartiles, with hazard ratios of 2.415 (95% CI 2.094-2.785) in men and 2.156 (95% CI 1.738-2.675) in women in the fourth quartile, compared to the lowest quartile, after adjusting for age, smoking status, medication history, alanine aminotransferase, uric acid, estimated glomerular filtration rate, fasting glucose, baseline diabetes mellitus prevalence, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index. The hazard ratios per one standard deviation increase in percent change in bilirubin as a continuous variable were 1.277 (95% CI 1.229-1.326) in men and 1.366 (95% CI 1.288-1.447) in women.
conclusionsIncreases in serum bilirubin concentration were positively associated with a higher risk of incident MetS. Serum bilirubin increment might be a sensitive marker for the development of MetS.
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Registered trials
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