ArticlePloS one2016
Inter-Individual Variability in the Adaptive Responses to Endurance and Sprint Interval Training: A Randomized Crossover Study.
Article in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 86 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Resistance Training Modulation of Fat Metabolism in Obese Postmenopausal Women
Viability of an Educational Program for Lifestyle Changes and an Algorithm for the Derivation of Exercise Programs in Older People at Risk of Dependency at Primary Care.
Who cites it
86 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Changes in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Following Exercise Training Prescribed Relative to Traditional Intensity Anchors and Physiological Thresholds: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis of Individual Participant Data.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Pooled it
- Standard Deviation of Individual Response for VOSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of Exercise Modality on Heart Rate Variability in Adults: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Risk of bias and reporting practices in studies comparing VOJournal of sport and health science · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of Small-Sided Games vs. Conventional Endurance Training on Endurance Performance in Male Youth Soccer Players: A Meta-Analytical Comparison.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Pooled it
- Machine learning-based personalized training models for optimizing marathon performance through pyramidal and polarized training intensity distributions.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- A Comparative Analysis of High-Intensity Technique-Specific Intervals and Short Sprint Interval Training in Taekwondo Athletes: Effects on Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Anaerobic Power.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2024Trial
- Aerobic exercise training and neurocognitive function in cognitively normal older adults: A one-year randomized controlled trial.Journal of internal medicine · 2022Trial
- Endurance versus resistance training in treatment of cardiovascular risk factors: A randomized cross-over trial.PloS one · 2022Trial
- Aerobic exercise and aerobic fitness level do not modify motor learning.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Cardiorespiratory coordination reveals training-specific physiological adaptations.European journal of applied physiology · 2019Trial
- Effectiveness of HIIT compared to moderate continuous training in improving vascular parameters in inactive adults.Lipids in health and disease · 2019Trial
- High-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training in adults with Crohn's disease: a pilot randomised controlled trial.BMC gastroenterology · 2019Trial
- Trial
- Effects of self-paced interval and continuous training on health markers in women.European journal of applied physiology · 2017Trial
- Exerkines in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: An Integrative Framework for Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications-A Narrative Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Impact of adherence to six-month home-based HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Adolescents' Responses to High-Intensity Versus Standard Physical Education on Body Fat, Blood Pressure, and VOHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Responder signatures and predictors of upper- and lower-limb power responsiveness to maximal strength versus plyometric dry-land training in swimmers.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
26 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The current study examined the adaptive response to both endurance (END) and sprint interval training (SIT) in a group of twenty-one recreationally active adults. All participants completed three weeks (four days/ week) of both END (30 minutes at ~65% VO2peak work rate (WR) and SIT (eight, 20-second intervals at ~170% VO2peak WR separated by 10 seconds of active rest) following a randomized crossover study design with a three-month washout period between training interventions. While a main effect of training was observed for VO2peak, lactate threshold, and submaximal heart rate (HR), considerable variability was observed in the individual responses to both END and SIT. No significant positive relationships were observed between END and SIT for individual changes in any variable. Non-responses were determined using two times the typical error (TE) of measurement for VO2peak (0.107 L/min), lactate threshold (15.7 W), and submaximal HR (10.7bpm). Non-responders in VO2peak, lactate threshold, and submaximal HR were observed following both END and SIT, however, the individual patterns of response differed following END and SIT. Interestingly, all individuals responded in at least one variable when exposed to both END and SIT. These results suggest that the individual response to exercise training is highly variable following different training protocols and that the incidence of non-response to exercise training may be reduced by changing the training stimulus for non-responders to three weeks of END or SIT.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.