Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27935977›Full record

Trial reportPloS one2016

The Effects of a Community-Based Sodium Reduction Program in Rural China - A Cluster-Randomized Trial.

Nicole Li, Lijing L Yan, Wenyi Niu, Chen Yao, Xiangxian Feng, Jianxin Zhang, Jingpu Shi, Yuhong Zhang, Ruijuan Zhang, Zhixin Hao and 16 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in PloS one, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01259700 (China Rural Health Initiative), which is not on this map. Cited by 51 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 13 pooled it
5.2field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01259700 nacompletednot on this map

China Rural Health Initiative: High Cardiovascular Risk Management and Salt Reduction in Rural Villages in China -- Two Parallel Large Cluster Randomized Controlled Trials

TypeinterventionalSponsorThe George Institute for Global Health, ChinaRan2010 to 2014Enrolled120ConditionsCardiovascular DiseaseArmsHigh-risk patient standardized management package, Community based salt reduction program
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 85 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

26 authors at 11 institutions in 4 countries.

Nicole LiThe George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0873-7328
Lijing L YanThe George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Wenyi NiuSchool of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Chen YaoPeking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.
Xiangxian FengChangzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
Jianxin ZhangHebei Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Jingpu ShiFirst Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Yuhong ZhangNingxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
Ruijuan ZhangXi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Zhixin HaoThe George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Hongling ChuThe George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Jing ZhangThe George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Xian LiThe George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Jianhong PanPeking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China.
Zhifang LiChangzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
Jixin SunHebei Province Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Bo ZhouFirst Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
Yi ZhaoNingxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
Yan YuXi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Michael EngelgauUnited States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Darwin LabartheDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
Jixiang MaChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Stephen MacMahonThe George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.
Paul ElliottImperial College London, United Kingdom.
Yangfeng WuThe George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
Bruce NealThe George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.
Peking University · CNThe University of Sydney · AUChangzhi Medical College · CNFirst Hospital of China Medical University · CNNingxia Medical University · CNNorthwestern University · USXi'an Jiaotong University · CNCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USChinese Center For Disease Control and Prevention · CNHebei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention · CNImperial College London · GB

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/L01341X/1NHLBI NIH HHS HHSN268200900027C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAverage sodium intake and stroke mortality in northern China are both among the highest in the world. An effective, low-cost strategy to reduce sodium intake in this population is urgently needed.

objectiveWe sought to determine the effects of a community-based sodium reduction program on salt consumption in rural northern China.

designThis study was a cluster-randomized trial done over 18 months in 120 townships (one village from each township) from five provinces. Sixty control villages were compared to 60 intervention villages that were given access to a reduced-sodium, added-potassium salt substitute in conjunction with a community-based health education program focusing on sodium reduction. The primary outcome was the difference in 24-hour urinary sodium excretion between randomized groups.

resultsAmong 1,903 people with valid 24-hour urine collections, mean urinary sodium excretion in intervention compared with control villages was reduced by 5.5% (-14mmol/day, 95% confidence interval -26 to -1; p = 0.03), potassium excretion was increased by 16% (+7mmol/day, +4 to +10; p<0.001), and sodium to potassium ratio declined by 15% (-0.9, -1.2 to -0.5; p<0.001). Mean blood pressure differences were -1.1 mm Hg systolic (-3.3 to +1.1; p = 0.33) and -0.7 mm Hg diastolic (-2.2 to +0.8, p = 0.35) and the difference in the proportion with hypertension was -1.3% (-5.1 to 2.5, p = 0.56).

conclusionThere were clear differences in population sodium and potassium intake between villages that were most likely a consequence of increased use of salt substitute. The absence of effects on blood pressure reflects the moderate changes in sodium and potassium intake achieved.

trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01259700.

Indexed as

AdultAgedChinaCluster AnalysisDiet, Sodium-RestrictedDizzinessFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHeadacheHealth EducationHumansMaleMiddle AgedOutcome Assessment, Health CarePotassiumRural HealthPotassiumSodiumSodium, Dietary

Identifiers

PMID27935977
PMCPMC5147834
OpenAlexW2560448877

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.