Observational studyPediatric research2017
Sodium supply influences plasma sodium concentration and the risks of hyper- and hyponatremia in extremely preterm infants.
Observational study in Pediatric research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sodium supplementation strategies in preterm infants: effects on growth, electrolyte balance, and exploratory evidence on neurodevelopment - a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Early Postnatal Weight Loss and Its Association with Outcomes in Very Preterm Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neonatology · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiology of early onset hyponatremia in extremely preterm neonates: A retrospective observational study.Journal of neonatal-perinatal medicine · 2026Observational
- Outcomes of extremely preterm infants with neonatal hyperglycemia and hypernatremia: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Early postnatal nutrition and renal consequences in preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- The Changing Landscape of Sodium Needs in the Preterm Neonate for Optimizing Growth and Development.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Dysregulated hippocampal fatty acid metabolism following intermittent hypoxemia-induced neonatal brain injury is rescued by treatment with acetate.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Low nephron number and high salt diet: the role of the "second hit" in chronic kidney disease development.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Positive impact of sodium L-lactate supplementation on blood acid-base status in preterm newborns.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Article
- Improving growth in preterm infants through nutrition: a practical overview.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Review
- Neurodevelopmental consequences of early plasma sodium changes in very preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- Association of early dysnatremia with mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit: results from the AWAKEN study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Article
- Sodium supply from administered blood products was associated with severe intraventricular haemorrhage in extremely preterm infants.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2022Article
- Hyponatremia at the onset of necrotizing enterocolitis is associated with intestinal surgery and higher mortality.European journal of pediatrics · 2022Article
- Article
- Management of Acute Kidney Injury in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Maturational changes in sodium metabolism in periviable infants.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Observational
- Fluid status in the first 10 days of life and death/bronchopulmonary dysplasia among preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2021Article
- Hypochloremia Secondary to Diuretics in Preterm Infants: Should Clinicians Pay Close Attention?Global pediatric health · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHyper- and hyponatremia occur frequently in extremely preterm infants. Our purpose was to investigate plasma sodium (P-Na) concentrations, the incidence of hyper- and hyponatremia, and the impact of possible predisposing factors in extremely preterm infants.
methodsIn this observational study, we analyzed data from the EXtremely PREterm (< 27 wk.) infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS, n = 707). Detailed nutritional, laboratory, and weight data were collected retrospectively from patient records.
resultsMean ± SD P-Na increased from 135.5 ± 3.0 at birth to 144.3 ± 6.1 mmol/l at a postnatal age of 3 d and decreased thereafter. Fifty percent of infants had hypernatremia (P-Na > 145 mmol/l) during the first week of life while 79% displayed hyponatremia (P-Na < 135 mmol/l) during week 2. Initially, the main sodium sources were blood products and saline injections/infusions, gradually shifting to parenteral and enteral nutrition towards the end of the first week. The major determinant of P-Na and the risks of hyper- and hyponatremia was sodium supply. Fluid volume provision was associated with postnatal weight change but not with P-Na.
conclusionThe supply of sodium, rather than fluid volume, is the major factor determining P-Na concentrations and the risks of hyper- and hyponatremia.
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Registered trials
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