Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27934854›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2017

Interactions between genetic, lifestyle and environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis.

Tomas Olsson, Lisa F Barcellos, Lars Alfredsson

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 587 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
587citing papers in PubMed, 7 pooled it
56.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

587 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,148 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Smoking and disability outcomes in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
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  12. Targeting the HPGDS-PGDSignal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026
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527 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Tomas OlssonNeuroimmunology Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, L8:04, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), 17176 Stockholm, Sweden.
Lisa F BarcellosGenetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), Office: 308D Stanley Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3220.
Lars AlfredssonInstitute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
Karolinska Institutet · SEKarolinska University Hospital · SEUniversity of California, Berkeley · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genetic predisposition to multiple sclerosis (MS) only explains a fraction of the disease risk; lifestyle and environmental factors are key contributors to the risk of MS. Importantly, these nongenetic factors can influence pathogenetic pathways, and some of them can be modified. Besides established MS-associated risk factors - high latitude, female sex, smoking, low vitamin D levels caused by insufficient sun exposure and/or dietary intake, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection - strong evidence now supports obesity during adolescence as a factor increasing MS risk. Organic solvents and shift work have also been reported to confer increased risk of the disease, whereas factors such as use of nicotine or alcohol, cytomegalovirus infection and a high coffee consumption are associated with a reduced risk. Certain factors - smoking, EBV infection and obesity - interact with HLA risk genes, pointing at a pathogenetic pathway involving adaptive immunity. All of the described risk factors for MS can influence adaptive and/or innate immunity, which is thought to be the main pathway modulated by MS risk alleles. Unlike genetic risk factors, many environmental and lifestyle factors can be modified, with potential for prevention, particularly for people at the greatest risk, such as relatives of individuals with MS. Here, we review recent data on environmental and lifestyle factors, with a focus on gene-environment interactions.

Indexed as

Gene-Environment InteractionGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseLife StyleEnvironmental ExposureHumansMultiple SclerosisRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID27934854
OpenAlexW2560140067

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.