ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2016
Reactivation of latent working memories with transcranial magnetic stimulation.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06276400 (Lateral Prefrontal Organization in Emotion), which is not on this map. Cited by 253 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Lateral Prefrontal Organization in Emotion: Representational and Causal Mechanism - Duration Difference Estimation
Who cites it
253 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sensory recruitment in visual short-term memory: A systematic review and meta-analysis of sensory visual cortex interference using transcranial magnetic stimulation.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on resting-state connectivity: A systematic review.NeuroImage · 2020Pooled it
- High-Frequency rTMS Broadly Ameliorates Working Memory and Cognitive Symptoms in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2024Trial
- Targeted visual cortex stimulation (TVCS): a novel neuro-navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation mode for improving cognitive function in bipolar disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2023Trial
- Synchronization patterns reveal neuronal coding of working memory content.Cell reports · 2021Trial
- Augmenting Frontal Dopamine Tone Enhances Maintenance over Gating Processes in Working Memory.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2021Trial
- EEG dynamics reveal a dissociation between storage and selective attention within working memory.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Exploring Neural Mechanisms Underlying Error-related Impairments in Active Working Memory Suggests an Adaptive Shielding of Contents during Cognitive Control.Journal of cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Working Memory States Modulate Arithmetic Estimation Strategy Processing: Evidence from Visual and Articulatory Interference.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Let it go: How trusted reminders alter intention maintenance.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Article
- Effects of sleep quality on the offline storage state of visual working memory.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Working Memory Impairment Induced by Chemotherapy-A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Serial dependence during visuomotor integration is robust to the passage of time and interference from intervening tasks.Memory & cognition · 2026Article
- Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Distractor-Induced Repulsion Effect in Visual Working Memory: A Behavioral and ERP Study.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Windows to the goal: Pupillary working memory signatures prospectively adapt to task demands.iScience · 2026Article
- Distinct Biotypes of Visual Perception in Major Depressive Disorder.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Selective removal of visual working memory items at test.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Human intracranial correlates of dynamic coding in auditory working memory.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cognition in multiple sclerosis within the modern diagnostic and treatment era.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Past and present goals are represented concurrently during visual search.PLoS biology · 2026Article
193 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The ability to hold information in working memory is fundamental for cognition. Contrary to the long-standing view that working memory depends on sustained, elevated activity, we present evidence suggesting that humans can hold information in working memory via "activity-silent" synaptic mechanisms. Using multivariate pattern analyses to decode brain activity patterns, we found that the active representation of an item in working memory drops to baseline when attention shifts away. A targeted pulse of transcranial magnetic stimulation produced a brief reemergence of the item in concurrently measured brain activity. This reactivation effect occurred and influenced memory performance only when the item was potentially relevant later in the trial, which suggests that the representation is dynamic and modifiable via cognitive control. The results support a synaptic theory of working memory.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.