ArticleBMJ open respiratory research2016
Serum levels of immunoglobulins and severity of community-acquired pneumonia.
Article in BMJ open respiratory research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of humoral immunity proteins and mortality in sepsis.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Exploring a tolerable and effective dosage of omega-3 fatty acids as a supplement in enterally fed patients with severe pneumonia: A pilot study.Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Trial
- Efficacy and metabolomic analysis of the pneumonia compound formulation against community-acquired pneumonia: an observational controlled before-after clinical trial.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- The immunomodulating activity of trimodulin (polyvalent IgM, IgA, IgG solution): a post hoc analysis of the phase II CIGMA trial.Critical care (London, England) · 2023Trial
- Efficacy and safety of trimodulin, a novel polyclonal antibody preparation, in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter, phase II trial (CIGMA study).Intensive care medicine · 2018Trial
- Lymphopenia in sepsis: a narrative review.Critical care (London, England) · 2024Review
- Can human IgG subclasses distinguish between confirmed and unconfirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections?Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2024Article
- Enhancing Immune Response in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Impact of the 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Effects of Diabetes and Voluntary Exercise on IgA Concentration and Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor Expression in the Submandibular Gland of Rats.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2023Article
- A new hope? Possibilities of therapeutic IgA antibodies in the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Stable Levels of Antibodies Against Unrelated Toxoid Vaccines After COVID-19: COVID-19 Infection Does Not Affect Toxoid Vaccine Antibody Levels.Pathogens & immunity · 2023Article
- Unmet needs in pneumonia research: a comprehensive approach by the CAPNETZ study group.Respiratory research · 2022Review
- Hydroxychloroquine Therapy and Serum Immunoglobulin Levels in Women with IgG Subclass Deficiency and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Sjögren Syndrome, and Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Retrospective Study.Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis · 2022Article
- Serum Immunoglobulins, Pneumonia Risk, and Lung Function in Middle-Aged and Older Individuals: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) pneumonitis and meningitis with viraemia in an immunocompetent adult patient.BMJ case reports · 2021Article
- Lymphopenia and IgG2 subclass deficiency in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.African journal of thoracic and critical care medicine · 2021Article
- Immunoglobulins concentration and B cell counts as severity markers in adult community-acquired pneumonia: Cross sectional study.Medicine · 2020Article
- Low Levels of Immunoglobulins and Mannose-Binding Lectin Are Not Associated With Etiology, Severity, or Outcome in Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Open forum infectious diseases · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
instructionThere is evidence of a relationship between severity of infection and inflammatory response of the immune system. The objective is to assess serum levels of immunoglobulins and to establish its relationship with severity of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and clinical outcome.
methodsThis was an observational and cross-sectional study in which 3 groups of patients diagnosed with CAP were compared: patients treated in the outpatient setting (n=54), patients requiring in-patient care (hospital ward) (n=173), and patients requiring admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) (n=191).
resultsSerum total IgG (and IgG subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4), IgA and IgM were measured at the first clinical visit. Normal cutpoints were defined as the lowest value obtained in controls (≤680, ≤323, ≤154, ≤10, ≤5, ≤30 and ≤50 mg/dL for total IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgM and IgA, respectively). Serum immunoglobulin levels decreased in relation to severity of CAP. Low serum levels of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 showed a relationship with ICU admission. Low serum level of total IgG was independently associated with ICU admission (OR=2.45, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.2, p=0.002), adjusted by the CURB-65 severity score and comorbidities (chronic respiratory and heart diseases). Low levels of total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 were significantly associated with 30-day mortality.
conclusionsPatients with severe CAP admitted to the ICU showed lower levels of immunoglobulins than non-ICU patients and this increased mortality.
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Registered trials
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