ArticleBMJ open2016
Predictors of treatment failure on second-line antiretroviral therapy among adults in northwest Ethiopia: a multicentre retrospective follow-up study.
Article in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- HIV/AIDS treatment failure and associated factors in Ethiopia: meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2020Pooled it
- Second-line HIV treatment failure in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2019Pooled it
- Virological failure and risk factors among people living with HIV taking second-line ART in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.PloS one · 2026Article
- Viral failure and associated factors in adults on second line antiretroviral therapy in public hospitals of Harari Region and Dire Dawa administration, Eastern Ethiopia.Journal of public health research · 2025Article
- Under-nutrition and its associated factors among adult second-line antiretroviral treatment users in Northern Ethiopia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Virological Failure And HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Indian Adults and Adolescents on Protease Inhibitor Based Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy: A Five-year Follow-up Study.Current HIV research · 2025Article
- Statistical analysis on the incidence and predictors of death among second-line ART patients in public hospitals of North Wollo and Waghemira Zones, Ethiopia, 2021.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Active tuberculosis incidence among treatment failure experienced patients in North Wollow Zone: A multicenter historical cohort.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Predictors of antiretroviral treatment failure to the first line therapy: a cross-sectional study among Iranian HIV-positive adults.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Second-line anti-retroviral treatment failure and its predictors among patients with HIV in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Time to Treatment Failure and Its Predictors Among Second-Line ART Clients in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Second-Line Antiretroviral Treatment Outcomes and Predictors in Tigray Region, Ethiopia.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Virological failure among people living with HIV receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy in Pune, India.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Determinants of CD4 count and risk for death of HIV infected children under ART.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Predictors of non-adherence to medication and time to default from treatment on HIV infected patients under HAART: a comparison of joint and separate models.African health sciences · 2022Article
- Mortality and Its Predictors among Adult Human Immune-Deficiency Virus-Infected Patients Attending Their Antiretroviral Treatment at Health Centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.AIDS research and treatment · 2022Article
- Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Virological Failure Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy, in Selected Public Hospital of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Retrospective Follow-Up Study.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Joint Modeling of Incidence of Unfavorable Outcomes and Change in Viral Load Over Time Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients on Second-Line Anti-Retroviral Therapy, in Selected Public Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.HIV/AIDS (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe number of patients using second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased over time. In Ethiopia, 1.5% of HIV infected patients on ART are using a second-line regimen and little is known about its effect in this setting.
objectiveTo estimate the rate and predictors of treatment failure on second-line ART among adults living with HIV in northwest Ethiopia.
settingAn institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted at three tertiary hospitals in northwest Ethiopia from March to May 2015.
participants356 adult patients participated and 198 (55.6%) were males. Individuals who were on second-line ART for at least 6 months of treatment were included and the data were collected by reviewing their records. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE: The primary outcome was treatment failure defined as immunological failure, clinical failure, death, or lost to follow-up. To assess our outcome, we used the definitions of the WHO 2010 guideline.
resultThe mean±SD age of participants at switch was 36±8.9 years. The incidence rate of failure was 61.7/1000 person years. The probability of failure at the end of 12 and 24 months were 5.6% and 13.6%, respectively. Out of 67 total failures, 42 (62.7%) occurred in the first 2 years. The significant predictors of failure were found to be: WHO clinical stage IV at switch (adjusted HR (AHR) 2.1, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.1); CD4 count <100 cells/mm
conclusionsThe rate of treatment failure was highest during the first 2 years of treatment. WHO clinical stage, CD4 count at switch, and change in weight were found to be predictors of treatment failure.
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