Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27931234›Full record

ArticleMalaria journal2016

Patterns and determinants of malaria risk in urban and peri-urban areas of Blantyre, Malawi.

Don P Mathanga, Atupele Kapito Tembo, Themba Mzilahowa, Andy Bauleni, Kondwani Mtimaukenena, Terrie E Taylor, Clarissa Valim, Edward D Walker, Mark L Wilson

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In one paragraph

Article in Malaria journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
51citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Don P MathangaMalaria Alert Centre, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi. dmathang@mac.medcol.mw.
Atupele Kapito TemboMalaria Alert Centre, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
Themba MzilahowaMalaria Alert Centre, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
Andy BauleniMalaria Alert Centre, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
Kondwani MtimaukenenaMalaria Alert Centre, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
Terrie E TaylorDepartment of Osteopathic Medical Specialties, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Clarissa ValimDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Edward D WalkerDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Mark L WilsonDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Funding

The role of monocytes in the pathology of severe malaria.U19AI089683 · NIAID · MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY · PI MATHANGA, DON P · 2010 to 2023
$21.4M
NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI089683
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlthough malaria disease in urban and peri-urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa is a growing concern, the epidemiologic patterns and drivers of transmission in these settings remain poorly understood. Factors associated with variation in malaria risk in urban and peri-urban areas were evaluated in this study.

methodsA health facility-based, age and location-matched, case-control study of children 6-59 months of age was conducted in four urban and two peri-urban health facilities (HF) of Blantyre city, Malawi. Children with fever who sought care from the same HF were tested for malaria parasites by microscopy and PCR. Those testing positive or negative on both were defined as malaria cases or controls, respectively.

resultsA total of 187 cases and 286 controls were studied. In univariate analyses, higher level of education, possession of TV, and electricity in the house were negatively associated with malaria illness; these associations were similar in urban and peri-urban zones. Having travelled in the month before testing was strongly associated with clinical malaria, but only for participants living in the urban zones (OR = 5.1; 95% CI = 1.62, 15.8). Use of long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs) the previous night was not associated with protection from malaria disease in any setting. In multivariate analyses, electricity in the house, travel within the previous month, and a higher level of education were all associated with decreased odds of malaria disease. Only a limited number of Anopheles mosquitoes were found by aspiration inside the households in the peri-urban areas, and none was collected from the urban households.

conclusionTravel was the main factor influencing the incidence of malaria illness among residents of urban Blantyre compared with peri-urban areas. Identification and understanding of key mobile demographic groups, their behaviours, and the pattern of parasite dispersal is critical to the design of more targeted interventions for the urban setting.

Indexed as

Suburban PopulationUrban PopulationAnimalsCase-Control StudiesChild, PreschoolFemaleHealth FacilitiesHumansIncidenceInfantMalariaMalawiMaleRisk FactorsTravelAnopheles vectorsMalaria disease riskMalaria epidemiologyMalawiPeri-urbanRural travelUrban health facilities

Identifiers

PMID27931234
PMCPMC5146950

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.