ArticleBMC veterinary research2016
Gonadectomy effects on the risk of immune disorders in the dog: a retrospective study.
Article in BMC veterinary research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-stratified immune patterns across the canine lifespan and short-term responses to geroprotective interventions.Biogerontology · 2026Article
- Implications of stress for animal welfare and animal-based researchLaboratory animals · 2026Review
- Reproductive Control in Dogs with Emphasis on Anti-GnRH Immunocastration and Its Behavioral Effects.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Serum TNF-Alpha and IL-10 Predict Reduced Sensitivity to Fear- and Anxiety-Related Traits in Healthy Older Dogs: Preliminary Evidence for Immune-Personality Signatures in Later Life.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Modern pedigree dogs in the United Kingdom Kennel Club: a journey through shifting population landscapes and demography.Companion animal health and genetics · 2025Article
- A Prospective Study Investigating the Health Outcomes of Bitches Neutered Prepubertally or Post-Pubertally.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Possible relationship between long-term post neutering complications in dogs and caregiver burden in the owners.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Meningoencephalitis of unknown origin in dogs under veterinary referral care in England (2017-2021): a multicenter case control study.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Repeated thyroid function evaluations in the dog: a retrospective study of 8,309 dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Redox status of biomarkers in serum of dogs with hypothyroidism and its treatment with levothyroxine sodium.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Cross-sectional survey of 43,517 dogs in the Dog Aging Project identifies owner-reported lifetime prevalence and characteristics of gastrointestinal disease.Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · 2024Article
- Clinical Pathology Evaluation in Pet Rabbits Vaccinated Against Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 (RHDV2).Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- From "Husky" to "Bulldog"- behavioural correlates between castration and breed groups in the domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris).BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Progesterone-Related Diabetes Mellitus in the Bitch: Current Knowledge, the Role of Pyometra, and Relevance in Practice.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Review
- Patient weight has diverse effects on the prescribing of different antibiotics to dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Effect of neutering timing in relation to puberty on health in the female dog-a scoping review.PloS one · 2024Article
- Identifying the Risk Factors for Malignant Mammary Tumors in Dogs: A Retrospective Study.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Single neonatal estrogen implant sterilizes female animals by decreasing hypothalamic KISS1 expression.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A Prospective Cohort Study Investigating the Impact of Neutering Bitches Prepubertally or Post-Pubertally on Physical Development.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Infective endocarditis in dogs in the UK: 77 cases (2009-2019).The Journal of small animal practice · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGonadectomy is one of the most common procedures performed on dogs in the United States. Neutering has been shown to reduce the risk for some diseases although recent reports suggest increased prevalence for structural disorders and some neoplasias. The relation between neuter status and autoimmune diseases has not been explored. This study evaluated the prevalence and risk of atopic dermatitis (ATOP), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), canine myasthenia gravis (CMG), colitis (COL), hypoadrenocorticism (ADD), hypothyroidism (HYPO), immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA), immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), lupus erythematosus (LUP), and pemphigus complex (PEMC), for intact females, intact males, neutered females, and neutered males. Pyometra (PYO) was evaluated as a control condition.
resultsPatient records (90,090) from the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California, Davis from 1995 to 2010 were analyzed in order to determine the risk of immune-mediated disease relative to neuter status in dogs. Neutered dogs had a significantly greater risk of ATOP, AIHA, ADD, HYPO, ITP, and IBD than intact dogs with neutered females being at greater risk than neutered males for all but AIHA and ADD. Neutered females, but not males, had a significantly greater risk of LUP than intact females. Pyometra was a greater risk for intact females.
conclusionsThe data underscore the importance of sex steroids on immune function emphasizing a role of these hormones on tissue self-recognition. Neutering is critically important for population control, reduction of reproductive disorders, and offers convenience for owners. Despite these advantages, the analyses of the present study suggest that neutering is associated with increased risk for certain autoimmune disorders and underscore the need for owners to consult with their veterinary practitioner prior to neutering to evaluate possible benefits and risks associated with such a procedure.
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