SynthesisBMC ophthalmology2016
Assessment of near visual acuity in 0-13 year olds with normal and low vision: a systematic review.
Synthesis in BMC ophthalmology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reference values for the Teller Acuity Cards II (TAC II) in infants and preverbal children, a meta-analysis.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of Lag of Accommodation with Full-Field Diffusion Optics Technology™ (DOT) Contrast Management Spectacle Lenses in Emmetropic Children.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Trial
- One-year effects of bifocal and unifocal glasses on executive functions in children with Down syndrome in a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Effects of bifocals on visual acuity in children with Down syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.Acta ophthalmologica · 2019Trial
- Ranibizumab versus laser therapy for the treatment of very low birthweight infants with retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW): five-year outcomes of a randomised trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- A nationwide evaluation of bevacizumab-based treatments in pediatric low-grade glioma in the UK: Safety, efficacy, visual morbidity, and outcomes.Neuro-oncology · 2023Article
- Acuity Comparison Methods via Timed Test-Retest Precision of Matching-Card e-ETDRS Compared to PDI Check in Treated Amblyopes and Superb Normals.Clinical optometry · 2023Article
- Development and Validation of a Digital (Peek) Near Visual Acuity Test for Clinical Practice, Community-Based Survey, and Research.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Development and validation of a new method for visual acuity assesment on tablet in pediatric population: eMOVA test.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Analysis of suspected visual impairment risks based on objective refraction in 3-year-old children.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Differences between children with Down syndrome and typically developing children in adaptive behaviour, executive functions and visual acuity.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Teleophthalmology: Evaluation of Phone-based Visual Acuity in a Pediatric Population.American journal of ophthalmology · 2021Article
- Can Structural Grading of Foveal Hypoplasia Predict Future Vision in Infantile Nystagmus?: A Longitudinal Study.Ophthalmology · 2020Article
- Saccade latencies during a preferential looking task and objective scoring of grating acuity in children with and without visual impairments.Acta ophthalmologica · 2019Article
- Impact of Children's Postural Variation on Viewing Distance and Estimated Visual Acuity.Translational vision science & technology · 2019Article
- Video Head Impulse Tests with a Remote Camera System: Normative Values of Semicircular Canal Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex Gain in Infants and Children.Frontiers in neurology · 2017Article
- Can chromatic text/background improve Arabic reading performance?Saudi journal of ophthalmology : official journal of the Saudi Ophthalmological SocietyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe inclusion for rehabilitation of visually impaired children is partly based on the measurement of near vision, but guidelines for near visual acuity assessment are currently lacking. The twofold purpose of this systematic review was to: (i) provide an overview of the impact of the chart design on near visual acuity measured, and (ii) determine the method of choice for near vision assessments in children of different developmental ages.
methodsA literature search was conducted by using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. The last search was run on March 26th 2016. Additional studies were identified by contacting experts and searching for relevant articles in reference lists of included studies. Search terms were: vision test(s), vision assessment(s), visual acuity, chart(s) and near.
resultsFor children aged 0-3 years the golden standard is still the preferential looking procedure. Norms are available for this procedure for 6-36 month old children. For 4-7 year olds, we recommend using the LEA symbols, because these symbols have been properly validated and can be used in preliterate children. Responses can be verbal or by matching the target symbol. In children aged 8-13 years, the recommended method is the ETDRS letter chart, because letter acuity is more predictive for functional vision and reading than symbol acuity. In 8-13 year olds, letter acuity is 0.1-0.2 logMAR poorer than symbol acuity.
conclusionsChart design, viewing distance, and threshold choice have a serious impact on near visual acuity measurements. Near visual acuity measured with symbols is lower than near visual acuity measured with gratings, and near visual acuity measured with letters is lower than near visual acuity measured with symbols. Viewing distance, chart used, and letter spacing should be adapted to the child's development and reported in order to allow comparisons between measurements.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.