ArticleMedicine2016
Vitamin D and retinal microvascular damage: The Rotterdam Study.
Article in Medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D and Ocular Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Association Among Serum Vitamin D Levels, Visual Field Alterations, and Optical Coherence Tomography Parameters: A Clinical Correlation Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Relationship between histopathological findings of patients with dermatochalasis and vitamin D deficiency.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Vitamin D levels and risk of ocular disorders: insights from bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Vitamin D in Systemic Sclerosis: A Review.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Changes in the macular choroidal thickness of children who have type-1 diabetes mellitus, with and without vitamin D deficiency.International ophthalmology · 2022Article
- The Effect of Diet and Lifestyle on the Course of Diabetic Retinopathy-A Review of the Literature.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Reduced serum calcium is associated with a higher risk of retinopathy in non-diabetic individuals: The Chinese Multi-provincial Cohort Study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- The effect of vitamin D deficiency on the retinal microvasculature: an observational case-control study.Arquivos brasileiros de oftalmologia · 2022Observational
- Role of vitamin D in diabetic retinopathy: Pathophysiological and clinical aspects.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2021Review
- Hypovitaminosis D and the endocrine phenotype of COVID-19.Endocrine · 2021Review
- Nutritional and medical food therapies for diabetic retinopathy.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2020Review
- Association of vitamin DTherapeutic advances in chronic disease · 2020Article
- Genetic Epidemiologic Analysis of Hypertensive Retinopathy in an Underrepresented and Rare Federally Recognized Native American Population of the Intermountain West.Journal of community medicine & public health · 2019Article
- The Rotterdam Study: 2018 update on objectives, design and main results.European journal of epidemiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vitamin D has been linked to various cardiovascular risk factors including indices of large-vessel disease. However, it remains unclear whether vitamin D is also associated with microvascular damage. In a community-dwelling population, we studied associations between vitamin D serum levels and retinal microvascular damage defined as retinopathy signs, narrower arterioles, and wider venules.From the population-based Rotterdam Study, we included 5675 participants (age ≥45 years) with vitamin D data and gradable retinal photographs. Serum levels of vitamin D were measured using an antibody-based assay. Retinal exudates, microaneurysms, cotton wool spots, and dot/blot hemorrhages were graded on fundus photographs by experienced graders in the whole sample; retinal vascular calibers, that is, arteriolar and venular diameters, were semiautomatically measured in a subsample (n = 2973). We examined the cross-sectional association between vitamin D and retinal microvascular damage using logistic and linear regression models, adjusting for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors.We found that persons with lower vitamin D levels were more likely to have retinopathy (adjusted odds ratio per standard deviation (SD) decrease of vitamin D = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): = 1.12-1.49). Furthermore, lower vitamin D levels were associated with wider venular calibers (adjusted mean difference per SD decrease in vitamin D = 1.35; 95% CI = 0.64-2.06). This association was strongest among men (P for interaction = 0.023).Lower levels of vitamin D are associated with retinal microvascular damage, suggesting that the link with cardiovascular risk may partly run through changes in the microvasculature.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.