ReviewCurrent neuropharmacology2017
From Leflunomide to Teriflunomide: Drug Development and Immunosuppressive Oral Drugs in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Current neuropharmacology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolomics of Aerobic Exercise in Chronic Stroke Survivors: A Pilot Study.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association · 2019Trial
- Dynamic control of nucleotide metabolism in physiology and disease.Nature cell biology · 2026Review
- Fluorescence HPLC Analysis of Teriflunomide in Human Plasma Following Derivatization with 4-Chloro-7-Nitrobenzofurazan: Method Development and Application to a Prototype Pharmacokinetic Evaluation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Teriflunomide Attenuates Demyelination and Enhances Remyelination in Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures Through Modulation of Glial Cell Dynamics.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Teriflunomide modulates the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and enhances antitumor immunity in colorectal cancer.Oncogenesis · 2026Article
- BCOR mutations define a therapeutic vulnerability to DHODH Inhibition in acute myeloid leukemia.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Targeting opportunities presented by the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a brief review.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Arzanol Inhibits Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase and Shows Antiviral Activity.Journal of natural products · 2025Article
- Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cell-Specific HMGB1 Knockout Reduces Immune Cell Infiltration and Demyelination in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Models.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Article
- The role of regulatory T cells in central nervous system diseases in dogs: fighting with a double-edged sword toward translational discoveries.American journal of translational research · 2025Review
- Landscape of targets within nucleoside metabolism for the modification of immune responses.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Multiple Sclerosis: New Insights into Molecular Pathogenesis and Novel Platforms for Disease Treatment.Current drug research reviews · 2024Review
- [Effectiveness and tolerance of azathioprine as first-line treatment for multiple sclerosis: a case study from Morocco].The Pan African medical journal · 2024Article
- Molecular and neuroimmune pharmacology of S1P receptor modulators and other disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Review
- Surgically Induced Demyelination in Rat Sciatic Nerve.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Pyrimidine de novo synthesis inhibition selectively blocks effector but not memory T cell development.Nature immunology · 2023Article
- Recent Progress in Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Using Immune Cells as Targets.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Repurposing MS immunotherapies for CIDP and other autoimmune neuropathies: unfulfilled promise or efficient strategy?Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2023Review
- Development of a biomarker to monitor target engagement after treatment with dihydroorotate dehydrogenase inhibitors.Biochemical pharmacology · 2022Article
- Development of accelerated high-throughput antiviral screening systems for emerging orthomyxoviruses.Antiviral research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImmunosuppressive drugs have been used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) for a long time. Today, orally available second generation immunosuppressive agents have been approved or are filed for licensing as MS therapeutics. Due to semi-selective targeting of cellular processes, these second-generation immunosuppressive compounds might rather be immunomodulatory. For example, Teriflunomide inhibits the de novo pyrimidine synthesis and thus only targets rapidly proliferating cells, including lymphocytes. It is used as first line disease modifying therapy (DMT) in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).
methodsReview of online content related to oral immunosuppressants in MS with an emphasis on Teriflunomide.
resultsTeriflunomide and Cladribine are second-generation immunosuppressants that are efficient in the treatment of MS patients. For Teriflunomide, a daily dose of 14 mg reduces the annualized relapse rate (ARR) by more than 30% and disability progression by 30% compared to placebo. Cladribine reduces the ARR by about 50% compared to placebo but has not yet been licensed due to unresolved safety concerns. We also discuss the significance of older immunosuppressive compounds including Azathioprine, Mycophenolate mofetile, and Cyclophosphamide in current MS therapy.
conclusionTeriflunomide has shown a favorable safety and efficacy profile in RRMS and is a therapeutic option for a distinct group of adult patients with RRMS.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.