Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27928080›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2016

Burden of Diarrhea in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2013: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

Ibrahim Khalil, Danny V Colombara, Mohammad Hossein Forouzanfar, Christopher Troeger, Farah Daoud, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Charbel El Bcheraoui, Puja C Rao, Ashkan Afshin, Raghid Charara and 126 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. [Global burden and predicted trends of diarrheal disease in children under five from 1990 to 2021].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2025
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  11. Article
  12. Community Perceptions of a Multilevel Sanitation Behavior Change Intervention in Rural Odisha, India.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Survey of Traveler's Diarrhea: Epidemiology and Testing Reveal the Source.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2019
    Article
  16. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

136 authors.

Ibrahim KhalilInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Danny V ColombaraInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Mohammad Hossein ForouzanfarInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Christopher TroegerInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Farah DaoudInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Maziar Moradi-LakehDepartment of Community Medicine, Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Charbel El BcheraouiInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Puja C RaoInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Ashkan AfshinInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Raghid ChararaInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Kalkidan Hassen AbateJimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia.
Mohammed Magdy Abd El RazekAswan Faculty of Medicine, Aswan, Egypt.
Foad Abd-AllahDepartment of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
Remon Abu-ElyazeedGlaxoSmithKline, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Aliasghar Ahmad KiadaliriHealth Services Management Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Ali Shafqat AkandaUniversity of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island.
Nadia AkseerUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Khurshid AlamUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Deena AlasfoorMinistry of Health, Al Khuwair, Oman.
Raghib AliUniversity of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Mohammad A AlMazroaKingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mahmoud A AlomariDivision of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Rajaa Mohammad Salem Al-RaddadiMinistry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Ubai AlsharifCharité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
Shirina AlsowaidiDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Khalid A AltirkawiKing Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Nelson Alvis-GuzmanUniversidad de Cartagena, Cartagena de Indias, Colombia.
Walid AmmarMinistry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.
Carl Abelardo T AntonioDepartment of Health Policy and Administration, College of Public Health, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
Hamid AsayeshDepartment of Medical Emergency, School of Paramedic, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
Rana Jawad AsgharSouth Asian Public Health Forum, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Suleman AtiqueGraduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Ashish AwasthiSanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.
Umar BachaSchool of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Alaa BadawiPublic Health Agency of Canada, Toronto, Canada.
Aleksandra BaracFaculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Neeraj BediCollege of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Tolesa BekeleMadawalabu University, Bale Goba, Ethiopia.
Isabela M BensenorUniversity of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Balem Demtsu BetsuMekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
Zulfiqar BhuttaMedical Center, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Aref A Bin AbdulhakUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa.
Zahid A ButtAl Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Hadi DanawiWalden University, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Manisha DubeyInternational Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
Aman Yesuf EndriesArba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
Imad D A FaghmousLondon School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
Talha FaridUniversity of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
Maryam S FarvidInstitute for Health Policy, Boston, Massachusetts.
Farshad FarzadfarNon-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Seyed-Mohammad FereshtehnejadDepartment of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Florian FischerBielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Joseph Robert Anderson FitchettHarvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Katherine B GibneyMelbourne Health, Parkville, Australia.
Ibrahim Abdelmageem Mohamed GinawiCollege of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
Melkamu Dedefo GishuKersa Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Harar, Ethiopia.
Harish Chander GugnaniDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Saint James School of Medicine, Anguilla, British West Indies.
Rahul GuptaWest Virginia Bureau for Public Health, Charleston, West Virginia.
Gessessew Bugssa HailuKilte Awlaelo Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Ethiopia.
Randah Ribhi HamadehArabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
Samer HamidiHamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Hilda L HarbMinistry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon.
Mohammad T HedayatiDepartment of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Mohamed HsairiDepartment of Epidemiology, Salah Azaiz Institute, Tunis, Tunisia.
Abdullatif HusseiniQatar University, Doha, Qatar.
Nader JahanmehrDepartment of Public Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mehdi JavanbakhtUniversity of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
Tariku JibatWageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands.
Jost B JonasDepartment of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.
Amir KasaeianHematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Yousef Saleh KhaderJordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.
Abdur Rahman KhanUniversity of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky.
Ejaz Ahmad KhanHealth Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Gulfaraz KhanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer KhojaExecutive Board of the Health Ministers' Council for Cooperation Council States, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Yohannes KinfuCentre for Research and Action in Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
Niranjan KissoonUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Ai KoyanagiResearch and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
Aparna LalAustralian National University, Canberra, Australia.
Asma Abdul Abdul LatifDepartment of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Raimundas LuneviciusSchool of Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Hassan Magdy Abd El RazekMansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura, Egypt.
Azeem MajeedImperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Reza MalekzadehDigestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Alem MehariHoward University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia.
Alemayehu B MekonnenUniversity of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Yohannes Adama MelakuSchool of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Ziad A MemishCollege of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Walter MendozaUnited Nations Population Fund, Lima, Peru.
Awoke MisganawInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Layla Abdalla Ibrahim MohamedFederal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.
Jean B NachegaStellenbosch University, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa.
Quyen Le NguyenInstitute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam.
Muhammad Imran NisarAga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
Emmanuel Kwame PeprahNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
James A Platts-MillsUniversity of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia.
Farshad PourmalekUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Mostafa QorbaniDepartment of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Anwar RafayContech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan.
Vafa Rahimi-MovagharSina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Sajjad Ur RahmanHamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
Rajesh Kumar RaiSociety for Health and Demographic Surveillance, Suri, India.
Saleem M RanaContech School of Public Health, Lahore, Pakistan.
Chhabi L RanabhatInstitute for Poverty Alleviation and International Development, Yonsei University, Wonju, South Korea.
Sowmya R RaoDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Amany H RefaatSuez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
Mark RiddleNaval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Gholamreza RoshandelGolestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
George Mugambage RuhagoMuhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Muhammad Muhammad SalehDevelopment Research and Projects Center, Abuja, Nigeria.
Juan R SanabriaCase Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
Monika SawhneyMarshall University, Huntington, West Virginia.
Sadaf G SepanlouDigestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Tesfaye SetegnBahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Karen SliwaFaculty of Health Sciences, Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Chandrashekhar T SreeramareddyDepartment of Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Bryan L SykesDepartments of Criminology, Law and Society, Sociology, and Public Health, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, California.
Mohammad TavakkoliWestchester Medical Center, Valhalla, New York.
Bemnet Amare TedlaJames Cook University, Cairns, Australia.
Abdullah S TerkawiDepartment of Anesthesiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Kingsley UkwajaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Federal Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
Olalekan A UthmanWarwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
Ronny WestermanGerman National Cohort Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.
Mamo WubshetAddis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Muluken A YenesewBahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Naohiro YonemotoDepartment of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Mustafa Z YounisJackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi.
Zoubida ZaidiUniversity Hospital, Setif, Algeria.
Maysaa El Sayed ZakiFaculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Abdullah A Al RabeeahKingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Haidong WangInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Mohsen NaghaviInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Theo VosInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Alan D LopezMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
Christopher J L MurrayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
Ali H MokdadInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Diarrheal diseases (DD) are leading causes of disease burden, death, and disability, especially in children in low-income settings. DD can also impact a child's potential livelihood through stunted physical growth, cognitive impairment, and other sequelae. As part of the Global Burden of Disease Study, we estimated DD burden, and the burden attributable to specific risk factors and particular etiologies, in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) between 1990 and 2013. For both sexes and all ages, we calculated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), which are the sum of years of life lost and years lived with disability. We estimate that over 125,000 deaths (3.6% of total deaths) were due to DD in the EMR in 2013, with a greater burden of DD in low- and middle-income countries. Diarrhea deaths per 100,000 children under 5 years of age ranged from one (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 0-1) in Bahrain and Oman to 471 (95% UI = 245-763) in Somalia. The pattern for diarrhea DALYs among those under 5 years of age closely followed that for diarrheal deaths. DALYs per 100,000 ranged from 739 (95% UI = 520-989) in Syria to 40,869 (95% UI = 21,540-65,823) in Somalia. Our results highlighted a highly inequitable burden of DD in EMR, mainly driven by the lack of access to proper resources such as water and sanitation. Our findings will guide preventive and treatment interventions which are based on evidence and which follow the ultimate goal of reducing the DD burden.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseChildChild, PreschoolCost of IllnessDiarrheaFemaleHumansMaleMediterranean RegionPersons with DisabilitiesQuality-Adjusted Life YearsRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID27928080
PMCPMC5154365

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.