Observational studyBMC research notes2016
Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda.
Observational study in BMC research notes, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opportunistic infections among schoolchildren who were on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections in HIV patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Review
- Clinical and Health Care Resource Use Outcomes Associated With Resistance to Antiretroviral Therapy Among Veterans With HIV.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Outcomes and risk factors in HIV-positive patients with sepsis: a retrospective study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Article
- Intervention to Prevent Recurrent Intestinal Parasitic Infections in People Living with HIV in Selected Parts of Eastern Cape, South Africa.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2024Article
- In vitro antifungal activities of medicinal plants used for treatment of candidiasis in Pader district, Northern Uganda.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Opportunistic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS attending antiretroviral therapy clinics in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Otorhinolaryngological Manifestations among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: a Cross-Sectional Study.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2024Article
- Opportunistic Infections among newly diagnosed HIV patients in the largest tertiary facility in Ghana.Annals of global health · 2024Article
- Ethnobotanical study of nutraceutical plants used to manage opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Acholi sub-region, Northern Uganda.Tropical medicine and health · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and aetiology of moderate to severe diarrhoea in hospitalised patients ≥5 years old living with HIV in South Africa, 2018-2021: A case-control analysis.PLOS global public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence and determinants of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants utilized in the management of candidiasis in Northern Uganda.Tropical medicine and health · 2022Article
- Etiologies of fever of unknown origin in HIV/AIDS patients, Hanoi, Vietnam.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Malaria an opportunistic infection in HIV/AIDS patients? - A Nigerian experience.African journal of laboratory medicine · 2022Article
- Polyphenol Extracts from Grape Seeds and Apple Can Reactivate Latent HIV-1 Transcription through Promoting P-TEFb Release from 7SK snRNP.Disease markers · 2022Article
- Incidence and predictors of opportunistic infections in adolescents and adults after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy: A 10-year retrospective cohort study in Ethiopia.Frontiers in public health · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe conducted a study to assess the frequency and distribution patterns of selected opportunistic infections (OIs) and opportunistic cancers (OCs) in different geographical areas before and after HAART in Uganda.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional serial review of observation data for adult HIV positive patients (≥15 years) enrolled with the AIDS support organization (TASO) in Uganda covering the period from January 2001 to December 2013. Both AIDS defining OIs/OCs and non-AIDS defining OIs were analyzed. The study period was structured into three time periods: "pre- HAART" (2001-2003), "early-HAART" (2004-2008) and "late-HAART" (2009-2013). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data by time period, age, gender and geographical location. Chi squared test used to test the significance of the differences in proportions.
resultsA total of 108,619 HIV positive patients were included in the analysis. 64% (64,240) were female with median age of 33 years (IQR 27-40). The most frequent OIs before HAART were oral candida (34.6%) diarrhoeal infection (<1 month) (30.6%), geohelminths (26.5%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) (17.7%), malaria (15.1%) and bacterial pneumonia (11.2%). In early HAART (2004-2008), the most frequent OIs were geohelminths (32.4%), diarrhoeal infection (25.6%), TB (18.2%) and oral candida (18.1%). In late HAART (2009-2013), the most frequent OIs were geohelminths (23.5%) and diarrhoeal infection (14.3%). By gender, prevalence was consistently higher in women (p < 0.05) before and after HAART for geohelminths, candidiasis, diarrhoeal infection, bacterial pneumonia and genital ulcer disease but consistently higher in men for TB and Kaposi's sarcoma (p < 0.05). By age, prevalence was consistently higher in older age groups (>30 years) before and after HAART for oral candida and TB (p < 0.05) and higher in young age groups (<30 years) for malaria and genital ulcers (p < 0.05). By geographical location, prevalence was consistently higher in Eastern and Northern Uganda before and after HAART for diarrheal infection and geohelminths (p < 0.0001).
conclusionsThe frequency and pattern of OIs before and after HAART differs by gender, age and geographical location. Prevalence of geohelminths and diarrhea infection(<1 month) remains high especially in Northern and Eastern Uganda even after HAART and should therefore be given special attention in HIV/AIDS care programmes in these settings.
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