ArticleCell reports2016
Immunometabolic Pathways in BCG-Induced Trained Immunity.
Article in Cell reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 397 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
397 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 633 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune mechanisms mediating the heterologous effects of BCG vaccination: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- An integrative genomics approach identifies KDM4 as a modulator of trained immunity.European journal of immunology · 2022Pooled it
- BCG-Induced DNA Methylation Changes Improve Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Immunity Without Decreasing the Risk for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Trained Immunity in Childhood Vaccination.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Review
- The epigenetic-metabolic axis of trained immunity: dual roles in disease pathogenesis and intervention.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targeting of the Macrophage Metabolic-Epigenetic Interaction Network in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- BCG vaccination potentiates oxidative phosphorylation in neonatal myeloid-derived suppressor cells.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Metabolic-epigenetic rewiring of CCR5Science advances · 2026Article
- Trained Immunity Attenuates Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Promoting AMPK-Mediated Autophagy in Alveolar Macrophages.Biology · 2026Article
- Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis: Interplay Between Host Antituberculosis Immunity and Immune Evasion Strategies ofMedComm · 2026Review
- Epigenetic reprogramming by BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccination: A novel strategy to reverse immunodeficiency in chronic kidney disease.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Epithelial-Dermal Immune Memory: TrackingInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial-Epigenetic Crosstalk in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Linking Cellular Stress to Synaptic Dysfunction and Treatment Resistance.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Chronic intermittent hypoxia sustains the low-grade inflammatory memory of monocytes via activation of myelopoiesis.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Article
- MPOInt: An Epigenetics-Driven Workflow for Integrative Multi-Level Proteomics.Journal of proteome research · 2026Article
- TYK2 signaling as a molecular bridge between cytokine storm and chronic inflammation: therapeutic implications of deucravacitinib.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy reprograms CNS immunity and alters Alzheimer's biomarkers: results from two open-label clinical trials.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Trained Immunity Induced by Vaccines: A Shifting Paradigm for Infant and Adult Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccination and the Immune-Brain Axis: Implications for Neuroprotection and Neurodegenerative Disease.Vaccines · 2026Review
337 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The protective effects of the tuberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) on unrelated infections are thought to be mediated by long-term metabolic changes and chromatin remodeling through histone modifications in innate immune cells such as monocytes, a process termed trained immunity. Here, we show that BCG induction of trained immunity in monocytes is accompanied by a strong increase in glycolysis and, to a lesser extent, glutamine metabolism, both in an in-vitro model and after vaccination of mice and humans. Pharmacological and genetic modulation of rate-limiting glycolysis enzymes inhibits trained immunity, changes that are reflected by the effects on the histone marks (H3K4me3 and H3K9me3) underlying BCG-induced trained immunity. These data demonstrate that a shift of the glucose metabolism toward glycolysis is crucial for the induction of the histone modifications and functional changes underlying BCG-induced trained immunity. The identification of these pathways may be a first step toward vaccines that combine immunological and metabolic stimulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.