ArticleScientific reports2016
Incidence, risk factors and impact on outcomes of secondary infection in patients with septic shock: an 8-year retrospective study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with ICU-acquired infections in sepsis: A retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Trial
- Disturbed metabolic adaptation drives natural killer cell dysfunction in association with nosocomial infection during human sepsis.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Source-controlled bacterial peritonitis improves survival but leaves persistent lung inflammation and airway IgA loss.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Artificial exosomes synergistically reshape sepsis immune homeostasis by modulating neutrophil fate and blocking PD-1/PD-L1.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- A new murine gram-negative sepsis model with standard care satisfies Sepsis-3 and reproduces clinical pathology.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Integrating intestinal microbiome and urinary metabolome data to predict secondary infection in critically ill patients.Critical care (London, England) · 2026Article
- Association Between Lactate and ICU-Acquired Infection in Critically Ill Patients With Sepsis: A Retrospective Study Using the MIMIC-IV Database.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of antibiotic combination on secondary invasive fungal infection in critically ill sepsis patients.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Secondary infections in the intensive care unit do not worsen long-term functional outcomes in sepsis survivors.Critical care science · 2026Article
- Risk Factors for Sepsis and Pulmonary Embolism Mortality in Burn Patients by Using a Competing Risk Model: A Machine Learning Approach.BioMed research international · 2026Article
- Endothelial cells retain inflammatory memory through chromatin remodeling in a two-hit model of infection-induced inflammation.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Article
- Sympathetic regulation of the host immune response to bacterial sepsis.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Review
- Functional immune profiling of hyper- and hypo-inflammatory subphenotypes of critical illness: a secondary analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Predicting Organ Dysfunction in Septic and Critically Ill Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study Using Rapid Ex Vivo Immune Profiling.Critical care explorations · 2024Observational
- Matrix metalloproteinase-8 regulates dendritic cell tolerance in late polymicrobial sepsis via the nuclear factor kappa-B p65/β-catenin pathway.Burns & trauma · 2024Article
- Ex Vivo Endotoxin Stimulation of Blood for Predicting Survival in Patients With Sepsis: A Systematic Review.CHEST critical care · 2023Article
- Comparison of whole blood cytokine immunoassays for rapid, functional immune phenotyping in critically ill patients with sepsis.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2023Article
- Resolving sepsis-induced immunoparalysis via trained immunity by targeting interleukin-4 to myeloid cells.Nature biomedical engineering · 2023Article
- Multiple Dosing and Preactivation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhance Efficacy in Established Pneumonia Induced by Antimicrobial-ResistantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Secondary infection in septic patients has received widespread attention, although clinical data are still lacking. The present study was performed on 476 patients with septic shock. Time trends for mortality were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test. Risk factors for secondary infection were investigated by binary logistic regression. The extended Cox model with time-varying covariates and hazard ratios (HR) was performed to determine the impact of secondary infection on mortality. Differences in hospital length of stay (LOS) between patients with and without secondary infection were calculated using a multistate model. Thirty-nine percent of septic shock patients who survived the early phase of the disease developed secondary infection. There was a statistically significant increased odds ratio for secondary infection in older patients and patients with a longer LOS in the intensive care unit (ICU), a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and endotracheal intubation. Secondary infection significantly reduced the rate of discharge (HR 5.607; CI
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