Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27924404›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2017

Magnetic resonance imaging of the distal radial epiphysis: a new criterion of maturity for determining whether the age of 18 has been completed?

M Timme, C Ottow, R Schulz, H Pfeiffer, W Heindel, V Vieth, A Schmeling, S Schmidt

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Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

M TimmeInstitute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Röntgenstraße 23, 48149, Münster, Germany.
C OttowDepartment of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
R SchulzInstitute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Röntgenstraße 23, 48149, Münster, Germany.
H PfeifferInstitute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Röntgenstraße 23, 48149, Münster, Germany.
W HeindelDepartment of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
V ViethDepartment of Clinical Radiology, Hospital Ibbenbüren, Große Straße 4, 49477, Ibbenbüren, Germany.
A SchmelingInstitute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Röntgenstraße 23, 48149, Münster, Germany. andreas.schmeling@ukmuenster.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-1617
S SchmidtInstitute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Röntgenstraße 23, 48149, Münster, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To improve the accuracy of forensic age estimation where there is no legal basis for carrying out x-ray examinations, it would be useful to establish non-x-ray imaging techniques. The objective of this study was to provide reference data for the magnetic resonance imaging-based evaluation of the ossification stage of the distal radius. Furthermore, we tested a new criterion of the maturity of the distal radial epiphysis for determining whether an individual has completed the age of 18. We investigated 668 MRI scans of the distal radial epiphysis from 333 female and 335 male subjects ranging in age from 12 to 24. To determine the ossification stage, we used the clavicular ossification staging systems described by Schmeling et al. and Kellinghaus et al. Ossification stage IV as described by Schmeling et al. was divided into two sub-stages, IVa and IVb, depending on whether or not it was possible to identify a triple-banded meta-epiphyseal zone of calcification. All study subjects were able to be assigned to an ossification stage without ambiguity. We present statistics relating to the distribution of ossification stages divided by sex. The age of the youngest female subject assessed as ossification stage IVb was 16.8, the age of the youngest male subject 18.6. The youngest age at which female subjects were assessed as ossification stage V was 22.3; for male subjects it was 23.1. Further independent studies should be carried out to determine whether ossification stage IVb can indeed be used to reliably determine whether a male subject has completed the age of 18.

Indexed as

OsteogenesisAdolescentAge Determination by SkeletonChildEpiphysesFemaleForensic AnthropologyHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleRadiusYoung AdultEpiphyseal scarForensic age diagnosticsMRIOssificationRadius

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.