Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27923611›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of hygiene and environmental health2017

Cumulative effects of antiandrogenic chemical mixtures and their relevance to human health risk assessment.

Kembra L Howdeshell, Andrew K Hotchkiss, L Earl Gray

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
53citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 128 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Frontiers in toxicology · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Kembra L HowdeshellDivision of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), PO Box 12233, Mail Drop K2-04, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2233, USA. Electronic address: howdeshellkl@niehs.nih.gov.
Andrew K HotchkissNational Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratories (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
L Earl GrayToxicology Assessment Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratories (NHEERL), Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
National Center for Environmental Assessment (EPA) · USNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences · USResearch Triangle Park Foundation · US

Funding

Integrated Health Assessments for the National Toxicology ProgramZIAES103317 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI ROONEY, ANDREW · 2016 to 2019
$24.4M
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 ES999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Toxicological studies of defined chemical mixtures assist human health risk assessment by establishing how chemicals interact with one another to induce an effect. This paper reviews how antiandrogenic chemical mixtures can alter reproductive tract development in rats with a focus on the reproductive toxicant phthalates. The reviewed studies compare observed mixture data to mathematical mixture model predictions based on dose addition or response addition to determine how the individual chemicals in a mixture interact (e.g., additive, greater, or less than additive). Phthalate mixtures were observed to act in a dose additive manner based on the relative potency of the individual phthalates to suppress fetal testosterone production. Similar dose additive effects have been reported for mixtures of phthalates with antiandrogenic pesticides of differing mechanisms of action. Overall, data from these phthalate experiments in rats can be used in conjunction with human biomonitoring data to determine individual hazard indices, and recent cumulative risk assessments in humans indicate an excess risk to antiandrogenic chemical mixtures that include phthalates only or phthalates in combination with other antiandrogenic chemicals.

Indexed as

Androgen AntagonistsAnimalsDrug InteractionsHumansModels, BiologicalRisk AssessmentAndrogen AntagonistsAntiandrogensCumulative risk assessmentMale reproductive tract developmentMixturesPesticidesPhthalates

Identifiers

PMID27923611
PMCPMC5401775
OpenAlexW2555165693

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.