ArticleEnvironment international2017
Prenatal lead exposure and fetal growth: Smaller infants have heightened susceptibility.
Article in Environment international, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03420872 (Prenatal and Childhood Nutrient Mixtures Predict Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Among Children in Mexico City), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Prenatal and Childhood Nutrient Mixtures Predict Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Among Children in Mexico City
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early-life dentine-based elemental biodynamics and cord blood telomere length.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Pregnancy exposure to individual phthalate concentrations and their mixtures in relation to pediatric serum antibody response.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Perinatal Lead (Pb) Exposure Increases Mouse Embryonic Weight and Alters Neuronal Gene Expression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Lead and Iron Levels in Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood in Basrah, Iraq.Sultan Qaboos University medical journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Maternal Exposure to Potentially Toxic Metals and Birth Weight: Preliminary Results from the DSAN-12M Birth Cohort in the Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Prenatal blood lead levels and Birth Weight: a Meta-analysis study.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2023Review
- Prenatal phthalates, gestational weight gain, and long-term weight changes among Mexican women.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Association between prenatal metal exposure and adverse respiratory symptoms in childhood.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Prenatal lead exposure and childhood lung function: Influence of maternal cortisol and child sex.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Metal exposure and bone remodeling during pregnancy: Results from the PROGRESS cohort study.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2021Article
- Prenatal exposure to multiple metals and birth outcomes: An observational study within the National Children's Study cohort.Environment international · 2021Observational
- Prenatal Metal Mixtures and Birth Weight for Gestational Age in a Predominately Lower-Income Hispanic Pregnancy Cohort in Los Angeles.Environmental health perspectives · 2020Article
- Environmental Lead Exposure and Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Diagnoses in Young Children: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Associations between prenatal sunshine exposure and birth outcomes in China.The Science of the total environment · 2020Article
- Urinary trace metals in association with fetal ultrasound measures during pregnancy.Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Article
- Using the delayed spatial alternation task to assess environmentally associated changes in working memory in very young children.Neurotoxicology · 2020Article
- Maternal Exposure to Environmental Disruptors and Sexually Dimorphic Changes in Maternal and Neonatal Oxidative Stress.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Article
- Blood manganese levels during pregnancy and postpartum depression: A cohort study among women in Mexico.Neurotoxicology · 2020Article
- Prenatal lead exposure and cord blood DNA methylation in PROGRESS: an epigenome-wide association study.Environmental epigenetics · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAs population lead levels decrease, the toxic effects of lead may be distributed to more sensitive populations, such as infants with poor fetal growth.
objectivesTo determine the association of prenatal lead exposure and fetal growth; and to evaluate whether infants with poor fetal growth are more susceptible to lead toxicity than those with normal fetal growth.
methodsWe examined the association of second trimester maternal blood lead levels (BLL) with birthweight-for-gestational age (BWGA) z-score in 944 mother-infant participants of the PROGRESS cohort. We determined the association between maternal BLL and BWGA z-score by using both linear and quantile regression. We estimated odds ratios for small-for-gestational age (SGA) infants between maternal BLL quartiles using logistic regression. Maternal age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, parity, household smoking exposure, hemoglobin levels, and infant sex were included as confounders.
resultsWhile linear regression showed a negative association between maternal BLL and BWGA z-score (β=-0.06 z-score units per log
conclusionsWhile both linear and quantile regression showed a negative association between prenatal lead exposure and birthweight, quantile regression revealed that smaller infants may represent a more susceptible subpopulation.
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Registered trials
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