ArticleCardiovascular diabetology2016
Ankle-brachial index and incident diabetes mellitus: the atherosclerosis risk in communities (ARIC) study.
Article in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diabetes as a risk factor for incident peripheral arterial disease in women compared to men: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2020Pooled it
- Classification and identification of risk factors for type 2 diabetes.World journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- Associations between physical activity and ankle-brachial index: the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS).BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Prevalence and risk factors for vascular calcification based on the ankle-brachial index in the general population: a cross-sectional study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Article
- Asia-Pacific Consensus Statement on the Management of Peripheral Artery Disease: A Report from the Asian Pacific Society of Atherosclerosis and Vascular Disease Asia-Pacific Peripheral Artery Disease Consensus Statement Project Committee.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2020Article
- Cigarette Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Long-Term Risk of 3 Major Atherosclerotic Diseases.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2019Article
- High-sensitivity cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptide with risk of lower-extremity peripheral artery disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.European heart journal · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIndividuals with peripheral artery disease (PAD) often have reduced physical activity, which may increase the future risk of diabetes mellitus. Although diabetes is a risk factor for PAD, whether low ankle-brachial index (ABI) predates diabetes has not been studied.
methodsWe examined the association of ABI with incident diabetes using Cox proportional hazards models in the ARIC Study. ABI was measured in 12,247 black and white participants without prevalent diabetes at baseline (1987-1989). Incident diabetes cases were identified by blood glucose levels at three subsequent visits (1990-92, 1993-95, and 1996-98) or self-reported physician diagnosis or medication use at those visits or during annual phone interview afterward through 2011.
resultsA total of 3305 participants developed diabetes during a median of 21 years of follow-up. Participants with low (≤0.90) and borderline low (0.91-1.00) ABI had 30-40% higher risk of future diabetes as compared to those with ABI of 1.10-1.20 in the demographically adjusted model. The associations were attenuated after further adjustment for other potential confounders but remained significant for ABI 0.91-1.00 (HR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.04-1.31) and marginally significant for ABI ≤ 0.90 (HR = 1.19, 0.99-1.43). Although the association was largely consistent across subgroups, a stronger association was seen in participants without hypertension, those with normal fasting glucose, and those with a history of stroke compared to their counterparts.
conclusionsLow ABI was modestly but independently associated with increased risk of incident diabetes in the general population. Clinical attention should be paid to the glucose trajectory among people with low ABI but without diabetes.
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