ArticleMolecular medicine reports2017
Norspermidine changes the basic structure of S. mutans biofilm.
Article in Molecular medicine reports, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exclusive breastfeeding is associated with the gut microbiome maturation in infants according to delivery mode.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- 12/111phiA Prophage Domestication Is Associated with Autoaggregation and Increased Ability to Produce Biofilm inMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- An Evaluation of Norspermidine on Anti-fungal Effect on MatureFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Effects of Norspermidine on Dual-Species Biofilms Composed ofBioMed research international · 2019Article
- Polyamines in Microalgae: Something Borrowed, Something New.Marine drugs · 2018Review
- Lactobacillus plantarum lipoteichoic acid inhibits biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The factors regulating the assembly of the three-dimensional structure of Streptococcus mutans biofilms remain obscure. Polyamines are essential in biofilm formation of certain bacteria. Norspermidine, an unusual polyamine, has been a controversial polyamine that can lead to biofilm disassembly. However, the role of norspermidine in S. mutans biofilms remains unknown. Therefore, the present study investigated the impact of norspermidine on S. mutans biofilms. The different architectures of the biofilms in norspermidine and control groups indicated that the basic units, bacteria‑exopolysaccharide units (BEUs), represent the exopolysaccharide (EPS) and bacterial assembly pattern in S. mutans biofilms. In addition, norspermidine inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation and changed the basic composition of the biofilm, which led to an unusual EPS architecture. Therefore, 5 mM norspermidine inhibited biofilm formation both by decreasing the rate of cell viability and changing the biofilm structure. Gene‑expression microarray analysis indicated that the formation of an irregular architecture in the norspermidine group was potentially attributable to the downregulation of elements of the quorum‑sensing system (by 2.7‑15‑fold). The present study suggested that the BEUs are a basic structure of S. mutans biofilm and its assembly is regulated majorly by the quorum‑sensing system. Norspermidine can lead to structure change in BEUs by influencing S. mutans quorum-sensing system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.