ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2016
Presence or absence of ocular surface inflammation directs clinical and therapeutic management of dry eye.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occupational exposure to video display terminals: a systematic review of ocular and visual health effects and associated risk factors.Journal of occupational health · 2026Pooled it
- Treatment of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction by Classical Eyelid Hygiene Measures With and Without Additional Lipid Substitution for Tear Film Stabilization.Eye & contact lens · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of cyclosporine nanoemulsion eye drops in patients with mild-to-moderate dry eyes: objective and subjective evaluation.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- Water-Free Cyclosporine 0.1% in Dry Eye Disease: Formulation Rationale, Clinical Evidence, and Unresolved Questions.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Real-Time and Highly Sensitive Detection of Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in Tears Using Aptamer Functionalized Electrolyte-Gated IGZO Thin-Film Transistors.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Impact of botulinum toxin type A on ocular pain with neuropathic features.The ocular surface · 2025Article
- Real-world performance of the inflammadry test in dry eye diagnosis: an analysis of 1,515 patients.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Correlation between gout and dry eye disease.International ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Comparison of matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression following cyclosporine and diquafosol treatment in dry eye.Annals of medicine · 2023Article
- Metalloproteinase-9 in the ocular surface of patients with implanted Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis.Cornea open · 2023Article
- How Can We Best Diagnose Severity Levels of Dry Eye Disease: Current Perspectives.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Review
- Role of Caspase-1 as a Biomarker of Ocular Surface Damage.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Smart contact lens and transparent heat patch for remote monitoring and therapy of chronic ocular surface inflammation using mobiles.Science advances · 2021Article
- In vitro validation of the tear matrix metalloproteinase 9 in-situ immunoassay.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Correlation Analysis between Ocular Surface Parameters with Subjective Symptom Severity in Dry Eye Disease.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2020Article
- Association of Ramadan daytime fasting with ocular surface inflammation and dry eye.International ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Review of Biomarkers in Ocular Matrices: Challenges and Opportunities.Pharmaceutical research · 2019Review
- [Diagnosis of dry eye disease].Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft · 2018Article
- Trehalose/hyaluronate eyedrop effects on ocular surface inflammatory markers and mucin expression in dry eye patients.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Article
- Patient and physician perspectives on the use of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% for the management of chronic dry eye.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe presence of clinically significant inflammation has been confirmed in the tears of 40%-65% of patients with symptoms of dry eye. Ocular surface inflammation may lead to tear film instability, epithelial cell irregularities, and permeability, resulting in chronic symptomatic pain and fluctuating vision as well as negative surgical outcomes. PATIENTS AND
methodsA retrospective single center medical chart review of 100 patients was conducted. All patients were tested with the InflammaDry test to determine if patients exhibited elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). InflammaDry-positive patients were started on a combination of cyclosporine 0.05% twice daily, 2,000-4,000 mg oral omega-3 fatty acids, and frequent artificial tear replacement. InflammaDry-negative patients were started on 2,000-4,000 mg of oral omega-3 fatty acids and frequent artificial tear replacement. Each patient was retested at ~90 days. A symptom questionnaire was performed at the initial visit and at 90 days.
results60% of the patients with dry eye symptoms tested positive for elevated MMP-9 at the initial visit. 78% of all patients returned for follow-up at ~90 days including 80% (48/60) of the previously InflammaDry-positive patients and 75% (30/40) of the previously InflammaDry-negative patients. A follow-up symptom questionnaire reported at least 75% symptomatic improvement in 65% (31/48) of the originally InflammaDry-positive patients and in 70% (21/30) of the initially InflammaDry-negative patients. Symptomatic improvement of at least 50% was reported in 85% (41/48) of previously InflammaDry-positive patients and 86% (26/30) of previously InflammaDry-negative patients. Following treatment, 54% (26/48) of previously InflammaDry-positive patients converted to a negative InflammaDry result.
conclusionIdentifying which symptomatic dry eye patients have underlying inflammation may predict patient responses to treatment and influence clinical management strategies.
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Registered trials
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