ArticleNature2016
Designed proteins induce the formation of nanocage-containing extracellular vesicles.
Article in Nature, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Programming T cells for intercellular genome editing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Humanized extracellular vesicles for efficient RNA delivery.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Distinguishing Pseudotransduction and True Transduction Enables Characterization and Bioengineering of Extracellular Vesicle-Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Article
- Lack of evidence for cargo release of CD63-EVs into recipient cells.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Biological Nanoscaffolds from Hierarchical Construction to Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bioengineering of extracellular vesicles with scaffold proteins for drug delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Rsp5/NEDD4 and ESCRT regulate TDP-43 toxicity and turnover via an endolysosomal clearance mechanism.The Journal of cell biology · 2026Article
- Amplified genome editing bybioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Humanized Extracellular Vesicles for Efficient RNA Delivery.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Production of Genetically Engineered Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Protein Delivery.Bio-protocol · 2025Article
- A non-canonical activation of the host's ESCRT machinery is required for the scission of parasitophorous vacuoles and the replication of Leishmania donovani.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Local structural flexibility drives oligomorphism in computationally designed protein assemblies.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Nonviral protein cages as tools to decipher and combat viral threats.Npj viruses · 2025Review
- RAB5 is a host dependency factor for the generation of SARS-CoV-2 replication organelles.mBio · 2025Article
- Engineering of extracellular vesicles for efficient intracellular delivery of multimodal therapeutics including genome editors.Nature communications · 2025Article
- DBeQ derivative targets vacuolar protein sorting 4 functions in cancer cells and suppresses tumor growth in mice.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2025Article
- Treatment of neurological pathology and inflammation in Machado-Joseph disease through in vivo self-assembled siRNA.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Complex biological processes are often performed by self-organizing nanostructures comprising multiple classes of macromolecules, such as ribosomes (proteins and RNA) or enveloped viruses (proteins, nucleic acids and lipids). Approaches have been developed for designing self-assembling structures consisting of either nucleic acids or proteins, but strategies for engineering hybrid biological materials are only beginning to emerge. Here we describe the design of self-assembling protein nanocages that direct their own release from human cells inside small vesicles in a manner that resembles some viruses. We refer to these hybrid biomaterials as 'enveloped protein nanocages' (EPNs). Robust EPN biogenesis requires protein sequence elements that encode three distinct functions: membrane binding, self-assembly, and recruitment of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery. A variety of synthetic proteins with these functional elements induce EPN biogenesis, highlighting the modularity and generality of the design strategy. Biochemical analyses and cryo-electron microscopy reveal that one design, EPN-01, comprises small (~100 nm) vesicles containing multiple protein nanocages that closely match the structure of the designed 60-subunit self-assembling scaffold. EPNs that incorporate the vesicular stomatitis viral glycoprotein can fuse with target cells and deliver their contents, thereby transferring cargoes from one cell to another. These results show how proteins can be programmed to direct the formation of hybrid biological materials that perform complex tasks, and establish EPNs as a class of designed, modular, genetically-encoded nanomaterials that can transfer molecules between cells.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.