ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Prolactin: Friend or Foe in Central Nervous System Autoimmune Inflammation?
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opioid Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis: Emerging Targets for Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Elevated Prolactin Levels Are Associated With Increased Severity and Psychiatric Symptoms in Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Impact of Scaling and Root Planing on Salivary and Serum Prolactin Levels in Patients With Periodontitis.Cureus · 2025Article
- Interactions Between Prolactin, Intracellular Signaling, and Possible Implications in the Contractility and Pathophysiology of Asthma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Microecologics and Exercise: Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis for Central Nervous System Disease Intervention.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Mapping the complexity of multiple sclerosis: a novel perspective on genetic, environmental, and neurobiological insights.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Exploring the role of sex hormones and gender diversity in multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Article
- Hyperprolactinemia as a manifestation of multiple sclerosis attack.BMJ neurology open · 2025Article
- Retinal prolactin isoform PRLΔE1 sustains rod disease in inherited retinal degenerations.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Prolactin: A Mammalian Stress Hormone and Its Role in Cutaneous Pathophysiology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Early postpartum treatment strategies and early postpartum relapses in women with active multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2024Article
- The role of prolactin/vasoinhibins in cardiovascular diseases.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2023Review
- Effects of Tele-Pilates and Tele-Yoga on Biochemicals, Physical, and Psychological Parameters of Females with Multiple Sclerosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- The significance of prolactin in systemic connective tissue diseases.Reumatologia · 2023Review
- Sex-specific transcriptional rewiring in the brain of Alzheimer's disease patients.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Resilience in Long-Term Viral Infection: Genetic Determinants and Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Short prolactin isoforms are expressed in photoreceptors of canine retinas undergoing retinal degeneration.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Reproduction-Associated Hormones and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis.Neural plasticity · 2021Review
- Pregnancy, postpartum and parity: Resilience and vulnerability in brain health and disease.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2020Review
- Potential Biomarkers of Peripheral and Central Fatigue in High-Intensity Trained Athletes at High-Temperature: A Pilot Study withJournal of immunology research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The higher prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in females, along with the modulation of disease activity observed during pregnancy and the post-partum period, has suggested a hormonal influence in MS. Even if prolactin (PRL) does not belong to the sex hormones family, its crucial role in female reproduction and lactation has prompted great efforts to understand if PRL could represent a gender factor in the pathogenesis of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for this disease. Extensive literature has documented a remarkable immune-stimulating potential for this hormone, indicating PRL as a disease-promoting factor in MS and EAE. However, recent work has pointed out that PRL is endowed with important neuroprotective and remyelinating properties and has encouraged a reinterpretation of the involvement of this hormone in MS. In this review we summarize both the protective functions that PRL exerts in central nervous system tissue as well as the inflammatory activity of this hormone in the context of autoimmune responses against myelin. Last, we draw future lines of research that might help to better clarify the impact of PRL on MS pathology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.