ReviewFrontiers in immunology2016
Live Imaging of Immune Responses in Experimental Models of Multiple Sclerosis.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Investigating mechanisms underlying the development of paralysis symptom in a model of MS.Brain research bulletin · 2025Article
- Loss of Cullin 5 in myeloid cells protects against autoimmune neuroinflammation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Regulatory T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis Diagnostics-What Do We Know So Far?Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Mechanisms of antigen-induced reversal of CNS inflammation in experimental demyelinating disease.Science advances · 2023Article
- Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Reduce Astrocyte Reactivity to Inflammation and Ameliorate Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.ACS nano · 2023Article
- The interplay between T helper cells and brain barriers in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2023Review
- HMGB1 from Astrocytes Promotes EAE by Influencing the Immune Cell Infiltration-Associated Functions of BMECs in Mice.Neuroscience bulletin · 2022Article
- CD47 antibody blockade suppresses microglia-dependent phagocytosis and monocyte transition to macrophages, impairing recovery in EAE.JCI insight · 2021Article
- Ectopic lymphoid follicles in progressive multiple sclerosis: From patients to animal models.Immunology · 2021Review
- Platelet Inhibition by Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid Reduces Neuroinflammation in an Animal Model of Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Single Administration of the T-Type Calcium Channel Enhancer SAK3 Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Cognition in Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- HMGB1 Promotes the Release of Sonic Hedgehog From Astrocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Immunoregulatory Effects of Tolerogenic Probiotics in Multiple Sclerosis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Review
- Linking immune-mediated damage to neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis: could network-based MRI help?Brain communications · 2021Article
- The STING-IFN-β-Dependent Axis Is Markedly Low in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Involvement of Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase and Kynurenine Pathway in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice.Neurochemical research · 2020Article
- Imaging the dynamic interactions between immune cells and the neurovascular interface in the spinal cord.Experimental neurology · 2019Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most common animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by multifocal perivascular infiltrates that predominantly comprise lymphocytes and macrophages. During EAE, autoreactive T cells first become active in the secondary lymphoid organs upon contact with antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and then gain access to CNS parenchyma, through a compromised blood-brain barrier, subsequently inducing inflammation and demyelination. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) is an ideal tool for intravital imaging because of its low phototoxicity, deep tissue penetration, and high resolution. In the last decade, TPLSM has been used to visualize the behavior of T cells and their contact with APCs in the lymph nodes (LNs) and target tissues in several models of autoimmune diseases. The leptomeninges and cerebrospinal fluid represent particularly important points for T cell entry into the CNS and reactivation following contact with local APCs during the preclinical phase of EAE. In this review, we highlight recent findings concerning the pathogenesis of EAE and MS, emphasizing the use of TPLSM to characterize T cell activation in the LNs and CNS, as well as the mechanisms of tolerance induction. Furthermore, we discuss how advanced imaging unveils disease mechanisms and helps to identify novel therapeutic strategies to treat CNS autoimmunity and inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.