ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2016
Dysregulated Homeostasis of Acetylcholine Levels in Immune Cells of RR-Multiple Sclerosis Patients.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Literature Review on Inflammatory Markers in the Saliva of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Cause or a Consequence of Periodontal Diseases.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Enhanced therapeutic potential of paeoniflorin and vitamin B12 in intracerebropeduncle ethidium bromide-induced multiple sclerosis-like pathology.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Dysregulated Cholinergic Signaling Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Maturation Following Demyelination.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Neurotherapeutic impact of vanillic acid and ibudilast on the cuprizone model of multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Pyroptosis the Emerging Link Between Gut Microbiota and Multiple Sclerosis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Review
- Medicinal herbs and multiple sclerosis: Overview on the hard balance between new therapeutic strategy and occupational health risk.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Review
- Role of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Reflex in Central Nervous System Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Neuroinflammation Modulation via α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor and Its Chaperone, RIC-3.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Role of Acetylcholinesterase in their Pathogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Targeting the gut to treat multiple sclerosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Review
- nAChRs gene expression and neuroinflammation in APPswe/PS1dE9 transgenic mouse.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Cholinergic Modulation of the Immune System in Neuroinflammatory Diseases.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Imaging Butyrylcholinesterase in Multiple Sclerosis.Molecular imaging and biology · 2021Article
- Possible Correlation between Cholinergic System Alterations and Neuro/Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis.Biomedicines · 2020Review
- Relationship of Wine Consumption with Alzheimer's Disease.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Alterations in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relationships with oxidative and inflammatory markers.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2018Article
- Butyrylcholinesterase and Acetylcholinesterase polymorphisms in Multiple Sclerosis patients: implication in peripheral inflammation.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Profiling of Canonical and Non-Traditional Cytokine Levels in Interferon-β-Treated Relapsing-Remitting-Multiple Sclerosis Patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Acetylcholine (ACh) contributes to the modulation of central and peripheral inflammation. We studied the homeostasis of the cholinergic system in relation to cytokine levels in immune cells and sera of relapsing remitting-MS (RR-MS) patients. We demonstrated that lower ACh levels in serum of RR-MS patients were inversely correlated with the increased activity of the hydrolyzing enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Interestingly, the expression of the ACh biosynthetic enzyme and the protein carriers involved in non-vesicular ACh release were found overexpressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients. The inflammatory state of the MS patients was confirmed by increased levels of TNFα, IL-12/IL-23p40, IL-18. The lower circulating ACh levels in sera of MS patients are dependent on the higher activity of cholinergic hydrolyzing enzymes. The smaller ratio of ACh to TNFα, IL-12/IL-23p40 and IL-18 in MS patients, with respect to healthy donors (HD), is indicative of an inflammatory environment probably related to the alteration of cholinergic system homeostasis.
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Registered trials
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