ReviewScientia pharmaceutica2016
Influence of Fragrances on Human Psychophysiological Activity: With Special Reference to Human Electroencephalographic Response.
Review in Scientia pharmaceutica, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 242 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aromatherapy for the Management of Menopause Symptoms: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of caring sciences · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review on the Adult Alpha Brainwave Activity After Essential Oil Inhalation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Pooled it
- fNIRS neuroimaging in olfactory research: A systematic literature review.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Aromatherapy for Symptom Relief in Patients with Burn: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Smelling Wellness: Associations Between Botanic Garden Scentscapes and Human Health Gains.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Trial
- The immediate effects of lavender-based essential oil inhalation on subsequent polysomnography in people with poor sleep quality.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Testing a New Protocol of Nature-Based Intervention to Enhance Well-Being: A Randomized Control Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Feasibility and safety of combined touch care and aromatherapy in hospitalized patients with thoracic malignancies: A prospective single-arm study.Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing · 2026Article
- Short-Term Psychological and Physiological Changes Following Coffee Aroma Exposure: A Multimodal Assessment.Nutrients · 2026Article
- EEG-Based Neurophysiological Assessment of Pharmacopoeial-Quality Essential Oils and Development of Stable Micro-Emulsion Systems for Aromatherapy Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Preliminary Evidence on Psychophysiological and Emotional Responses to Different Types of Human-Calf Interaction in Healthy Adults.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Encapsulation of Menthol in Bimodal Mesoporous Silica via Normal-Temperature and Alcohol-Thermal Loading Methods for Achieving Sustained Releasing Performances.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of human-dog interactions on brain activation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- From beauty to burden: mapping the health and psychosocial impacts of fragrances and cosmetic products use in the UAE.Frontiers in toxicology · 2026Article
- Dynamic serum metabolomic changes during Chinese herbal hot compress therapy for postpartum uterine involution: pathway analysis and candidate biomarker identification.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Biological effects of a tested commercial fragrance formulation in rats: oxidative and molecular alterations and the protective role of vitamin E.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Case Report: Resolution of Insomnia in a 32-Year-Old Male with Generalized Anxiety Disorder Following Discontinuation of Mint-Flavored Toothpaste.International medical case reports journal · 2026Article
- Olfactory perception and wellbeing across hormonal contraceptive users and menstrual cycle phases.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The influence of fragrances such as perfumes and room fresheners on the psychophysiological activities of humans has been known for a long time, and its significance is gradually increasing in the medicinal and cosmetic industries. A fragrance consists of volatile chemicals with a molecular weight of less than 300 Da that humans perceive through the olfactory system. In humans, about 300 active olfactory receptor genes are devoted to detecting thousands of different fragrance molecules through a large family of olfactory receptors of a diverse protein sequence. The sense of smell plays an important role in the physiological effects of mood, stress, and working capacity. Electrophysiological studies have revealed that various fragrances affected spontaneous brain activities and cognitive functions, which are measured by an electroencephalograph (EEG). The EEG is a good temporal measure of responses in the central nervous system and it provides information about the physiological state of the brain both in health and disease. The EEG power spectrum is classified into different frequency bands such as delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (30-50 Hz), and each band is correlated with different features of brain states. A quantitative EEG uses computer software to provide the topographic mapping of the brain activity in frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital brain regions. It is well known that decreases of alpha and beta activities and increases of delta and theta activities are associated with brain pathology and general cognitive decline. In the last few decades, many scientific studies were conducted to investigate the effect of inhalation of aroma on human brain functions. The studies have suggested a significant role for olfactory stimulation in the alteration of cognition, mood, and social behavior. This review aims to evaluate the available literature regarding the influence of fragrances on the psychophysiological activities of humans with special reference to EEG changes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.