Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27914837›Full record

Observational studyOphthalmology2017

Incidence and Risk Factors for Developing Diabetic Retinopathy among Youths with Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes throughout the United States.

Sophia Y Wang, Chris A Andrews, William H Herman, Thomas W Gardner, Joshua D Stein

Open access · greenAbstract readObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Ophthalmology, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
77citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
9.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

77 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 153 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2022
    Guideline
  4. Antibiotic exposure and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021
    Pooled it
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17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sophia Y WangDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Chris A AndrewsDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Center for Eye Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
William H HermanMichigan Diabetes Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Thomas W GardnerDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Center for Eye Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Joshua D SteinDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Center for Eye Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: jdstein@med.umich.edu.
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor · US

Funding

Regional Pilot And Feasibility Study Grants ProgramP30DK020572 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Mehboob A Hussain · 2013 to 2026
$24.3M
Research BaseP30DK092926 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MARY ELLEN MICHELE HEISLER, ADESUWA B OLOMU · 2011 to 2026
$10.0M
Tissue-Specific Metabolic Reprogramming in Diabetic ComplicationsDP3DK094292 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI BROSIUS, FRANK C, BURANT, CHARLES F · 2011 to 2011
$5.5M
Regulation of Retinal Cell Death in DiabetesR01EY020582 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI ABCOUWER, STEVEN F, GARDNER, THOMAS W. · 2010 to 2018
$4.0M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY020582NIDDK NIH HHS DP3 DK094292NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK020572NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK092926
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDespite the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among children and adolescents, little is known about their risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR). We sought to identify risk factors for DR in youths with diabetes mellitus, to compare DR rates for youths with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and those with T2DM, and to assess whether adherence to DR screening guidelines promoted by the American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Academy of Pediatrics, and American Diabetes Association adequately capture youths with DR.

designRetrospective observational longitudinal cohort study.

participantsYouths aged ≤21 years with newly diagnosed T1DM or T2DM who were enrolled in a large US managed-care network.

methodsIn this study of youths aged ≤21 years with newly diagnosed T1DM or T2DM who were under ophthalmic surveillance, we identified the incidence and timing of DR onset. Kaplan-Meier survival curves assessed the timing of initial diagnosis of DR for participants. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression modeling identified factors associated with the hazard of developing DR. Model predictors were age and calendar year at initial diabetes mellitus diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, net worth, and glycated hemoglobin A

main outcome measuresHazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for developing DR.

resultsAmong the 2240 youths with T1DM and 1768 youths with T2DM, 20.1% and 7.2% developed DR over a median follow-up time of 3.2 and 3.1 years, respectively. Survival curves demonstrated that youths with T1DM developed DR faster than youths with T2DM (P < 0.0001). For every 1-point increase in HbA

conclusionsYouths with T1DM or T2DM exhibit a considerable risk for DR and should undergo regular screenings by eye-care professionals to ensure timely DR diagnosis and limit progression to vision-threatening disease.

Indexed as

AdolescentBlood GlucoseChildCohort StudiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Diabetic RetinopathyDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlycated HemoglobinHumansIncidenceKaplan-Meier EstimateMaleMass ScreeningBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, human

Identifiers

PMID27914837
PMCPMC5728116
OpenAlexW2558929192

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.