Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27914248›Full record

ReviewJournal of affective disorders2017

The difficult lives of individuals with bipolar disorder: A review of functional outcomes and their implications for treatment.

Michael J Gitlin, David J Miklowitz

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of affective disorders, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
76citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
10.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

76 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 194 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Guideline
  6. Trial
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  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Addressing the unmet needs of bipolar disorder in Australia and beyond.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2025
    Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Michael J GitlinDepartment of Psychiatry, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA. Electronic address: Mgitlin@mednet.ucla.edu.
David J MiklowitzDepartment of Psychiatry, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
University of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

1/2-Early Intervention for Youth at Risk for Bipolar DisorderR01MH093676 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MIKLOWITZ, DAVID JAY · 2012 to 2016
$3.6M
Family-Focused Therapy for Youth with Early-Onset Bipolar or Psychotic Disorders R33MH097007 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI MIKLOWITZ, DAVID JAY · 2014 to 2016
$853k
NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH093676NIMH NIH HHS R33 MH097007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMost longitudinal or treatment studies in bipolar disorder have used symptomatic or syndromal status as the primary outcome variable. More recently, psychosocial functioning has been highlighted as a key domain of outcome. Patients with bipolar disorder appear to be impaired in all functional domains, although the factors that cause impairment have not been clearly specified.

methodsThis paper reviews cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on functional impairment and its relationship to symptomatic, neurocognitive, personality, and stress variables in bipolar disorder; and the implications of these relationships for defining treatment targets. 93 articles were located through comprehensive MEDLINE, SCOPUS and Web of Science searches. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Functional recovery following a mood episode consistently lags behind symptomatic and syndromal recovery. Longer term functional impairment is only partly explained by the number of manic/hypomanic episodes. Depression (including subsyndromal states) and persistent neurocognitive impairment are the strongest correlates of functional impairment in bipolar disorder, with personality and psychosocial stressors playing secondary roles. Possible treatment options include: more aggressive treatment of subthreshold depressive states, pharmacotherapies that target cognition (e.g., stimulants), and adjunctive psychotherapies including cognitive remediation.

Indexed as

AffectCognitionActivities of Daily LivingBipolar DisorderDepressionHumansQuality of LifeCognitive remediationDepressionManiaMood stabilizersNeurocognitionStimulants

Identifiers

PMID27914248
PMCPMC7213058
OpenAlexW2552022424

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.