ArticleEuropean archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience2018
Oxidative stress in drug-naïve first episode patients with schizophrenia and major depression: effects of disease acuity and potential confounders.
Article in European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glutathione-Related Metabolite Levels and Enzyme Activities in Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2026Pooled it
- Protein-C Reactive as Biomarker Predictor of Schizophrenia Phases of Illness? A Systematic Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2018Pooled it
- Multimodal neuroimaging reveals brain neurochemical disturbances associated with superoxide dismutase in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Comparing metabolic syndrome parameters, oxidative stress, cellular metabolism, and gene polymorphism between people with schizophrenia and healthy controls.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Naturalistic comparison of clomethiazole and Diazepam treatment in alcohol withdrawal: effects on oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines and hepatic biomarkers.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Serum Levels of 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α and Raftlin in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Strategies to Ameliorate Neuronal Damage in Epilepsy by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neuroinflammation.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Major Depressive Disorder and Oxidative Stress: A Review of Peripheral and Genetic Biomarkers According to Clinical Characteristics and Disease Stages.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Experiences and Perspectives of GC-MS Application for the Search of Low Molecular Weight Discriminants of Schizophrenia.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Oxidative Stress and Emergence of Psychosis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Sex-Specific Association between Antioxidant Defense System and Therapeutic Response to Risperidone in Schizophrenia: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.Current neuropharmacology · 2022Article
- Changes in leukocytes and CRP in different stages of major depression.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Recent Reports on Redox Stress-Induced Mitochondrial DNA Variations, Neuroglial Interactions, and NMDA Receptor System in Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Review
- Elevated activity of superoxide dismutase in male late-life schizophrenia and its correlation with clinical symptoms and cognitive deficits.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Sex difference in the interrelationship between TNF-α and oxidative stress status in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- BDNF haploinsufficiency induces behavioral endophenotypes of schizophrenia in male mice that are rescued by enriched environment.Translational psychiatry · 2021Article
- Altered Antioxidant Defenses in Drug-Naive First Episode Patients with Schizophrenia Are Associated with Poor Treatment Response to Risperidone: 12-Week Results from a Prospective Longitudinal Study.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2021Observational
- Interrelationships Between BDNF, Superoxide Dismutase, and Cognitive Impairment in Drug-Naive First-Episode Patients With Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2020Article
- Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage in the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia.Brain sciences · 2020Review
- Cognitive-Behavioural Correlates of Dysbiosis: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oxidative stress and immune dysregulation have been linked to schizophrenia and depression. However, it is unknown whether these factors are related to the pathophysiology or whether they are an epiphenomenon. Inconsistent oxidative stress-related findings in previous studies may have resulted from the use of different biomarkers which show disparate aspects of oxidative stress. Additionally, disease severity, medication, smoking, endocrine stress axis activation and obesity are potential confounders. In order to address some of these shortcomings, we have analyzed a broader set of oxidative stress biomarkers in our exploratory study, including urinary 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α), 8-OH-2-deoyxguanosine (8-OH-2-dG), and blood levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in acutely ill drug-naïve first episode patients with schizophrenia (n = 22), major depression (n = 18), and controls (n = 43). Possible confounding factors were considered, and patients were followed-up after 6 weeks of treatment. No differences were observed regarding 8-OH-2-dG, MDA and GST. At baseline, 8-iso-PGF2α levels were higher in patients with schizophrenia (p = 0.004) and major depression (p = 0.037), with a trend toward higher SOD concentrations in schizophrenia (p = 0.053). After treatment, schizophrenia patients showed a further increase in 8-iso-PGF2α (p = 0.016). These results were not related to age, sex, disease severity, medication or adipose tissue mass. However, 8-iso-PGF2α was associated with smoking, endocrine stress axis activation, C-reactive protein levels and low plasma concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. This study suggests a role of lipid peroxidation particularly in drug-naïve acutely ill schizophrenia patients and highlights the importance of taking into account other confounding factors in biomarker studies.
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