ReviewHematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program2016
Cellular immune responses in red blood cell alloimmunization.
Review in Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Murine Models of Transfusion-Induced Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Use of Microbial Microarrays to Define Antibody Specificity.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Determining the Binding Affinity in Monoclonal Antibody-Alloantigen Interactions.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- The Immunology of Transfusion Medicine: Past, Present, and Future.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Review
- Defining the Specificity of Blood-Group-Binding Lectins Through Microarray Analysis.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Babesiosis and Malaria in the United States: Epidemiology, Research Funding, Medical Progress, & Recommendations for Improvement.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Transfusing selected RhD negative patients with RhD positive packed red cell concentrates resulted in lower frequency of anti-D development and saved almost two thousand RhD negative concentrates during 5 years.Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Article
- Harnessing the potential of red blood cells in immunotherapy.Human immunology · 2024Review
- Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization in Pregnancy: A Review of the Pathophysiology, Prevalence, and Risk Factors.Cureus · 2024Review
- Dynamics of antibody engagement of red blood cellsFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Frequency and Underlying Causes of Alloimmunization Against Red Blood Cell Antigens in Patients Referred to the Blood Bank of the Tertiary Referral Hospital of Tehran from 2018 to 2020.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Distinct RBC alloantibody responses in type 1 interferon-dependent and -independent lupus mouse models.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Termination of CD40L co-stimulation promotes human B cell differentiation into antibody-secreting cells.European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Multi-omics approaches for comprehensive analysis and understanding of the immune response in the miniature pig breed.PloS one · 2022Article
- Minimalistic In Vitro Culture to Drive Human Naive B Cell Differentiation into Antibody-Secreting Cells.Cells · 2021Article
- Increased Prevalence of Alloimmunization in Sickle Cell Disease? Should We Restore Blood Donation in French Guiana?Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Iron Overload in Patients With Heavily Transfused Sickle Cell Disease-Correlation of Serum Ferritin With Cardiac T2Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In excess of 340 blood group antigens have now been described that vary between individuals. Thus, any unit of blood that is nonautologous represents a significant dose of alloantigen. Most blood group antigens are proteins, which differ by a single amino acid between donors and recipients. Approximately 1 out of every 70 individuals are transfused each year (in the United States alone), which leads to antibody responses to red blood cell (RBC) alloantigens in some transfusion recipients. When alloantibodies are formed, in many cases, RBCs expressing the antigen in question can no longer be safely transfused. However, despite chronic transfusion, only 3% to 10% of recipients (in general) mount an alloantibody response. In some disease states, rates of alloimmunization are much higher (eg, sickle cell disease). For patients who become alloimmunized to multiple antigens, ongoing transfusion therapy becomes increasingly difficult or, in some cases, impossible. While alloantibodies are the ultimate immune effector of humoral alloimmunization, the cellular underpinnings of the immune system that lead to ultimate alloantibody production are complex, including antigen consumption, antigen processing, antigen presentation, T-cell biology, and B-cell biology. Moreover, these cellular processes differ to some extent with regard to transfused RBCs as compared with other better-studied immune barriers (eg, infectious disease, vaccines, and solid organ transplantation). The current work focuses on illustrating the current paradigm of humoral immunity, with a specific focus on particulars of RBC alloimmunization and recent advances in the understanding thereof.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.