ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2016
Transfected Babesia bovis Expressing a Tick GST as a Live Vector Vaccine.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Improvement of Cryopreservation and Production of AttenuatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Current vaccines, experimental immunization trials, and new perspectives to control selected vector borne blood parasites of veterinary importance.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Universal Tick Vaccines: Candidates and Remaining Challenges.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Advances inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- A TransfectedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Identification of novel immune correlates of protection against acute bovine babesiosis by superinfecting cattle withFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Experimental Infection of Calves with Transfected AttenuatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Sequence identification and expression profile of seven Dermacentor marginatus glutathione S-transferase genes.Experimental & applied acarology · 2020Article
- Establishment of a stable transfection method in Babesia microti and identification of a novel bidirectional promoter of Babesia microti.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Cocktail Anti-Tick Vaccines: The Unforeseen Constraints and Approaches toward Enhanced Efficacies.Vaccines · 2020Review
- Expression analysis of glutathione S-transferases and ferritins during the embryogenesis of the tickHeliyon · 2020Article
- Comparative Proteomic Analysis ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2020Article
- Stable transformation of Babesia bigemina and Babesia bovis using a single transfection plasmid.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- In Silico Characterization and Structural Modeling ofAdvances in bioinformatics · 2018Article
- Metazoan Parasite Vaccines: Present Status and Future Prospects.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Rhipicephalus microplus tick is a notorious blood-feeding ectoparasite of livestock, especially cattle, responsible for massive losses in animal production. It is the main vector for transmission of pathogenic bacteria and parasites, including Babesia bovis, an intraerythrocytic apicomplexan protozoan parasite responsible for bovine Babesiosis. This study describes the development and testing of a live B. bovis vaccine expressing the protective tick antigen glutathione-S-transferase from Haemaphysalis longicornis (HlGST). The B. bovis S74-T3B parasites were electroporated with a plasmid containing the bidirectional Ef-1α (elongation factor 1 alpha) promoter of B. bovis controlling expression of two independent genes, the selectable marker GFP-BSD (green fluorescent protein-blasticidin deaminase), and HlGST fused to the MSA-1 (merozoite surface antigen 1) signal peptide from B. bovis. Electroporation followed by blasticidin selection resulted in the emergence of a mixed B. bovis transfected line (termed HlGST) in in vitro cultures, containing parasites with distinct patterns of insertion of both exogenous genes, either in or outside the Ef-1α locus. A B. bovis clonal line termed HlGST-Cln expressing intracellular GFP and HlGST in the surface of merozoites was then derived from the mixed parasite line HlGST using a fluorescent activated cell sorter. Two independent calf immunization trials were performed via intravenous inoculation of the HlGST-Cln and a previously described control consisting of an irrelevant transfected clonal line of B. bovis designated GFP-Cln. The control GFP-Cln line contains a copy of the GFP-BSD gene inserted into the Ef-1α locus of B. bovis in an identical fashion as the HIGST-Cln parasites. All animals inoculated with the HlGST-Cln and GFP-Cln transfected parasites developed mild babesiosis. Tick egg fertility and fully engorged female tick weight was reduced significantly in R. microplus feeding on HlGST-Cln-immunized calves. Collectively, these data show the efficacy of a transfected HlGST-Cln B. bovis parasite to induce detectable anti-glutathione-S-transferase antibodies and a reduction in tick size and fecundity of R. microplus feeding in experimentally inoculated animals.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.