Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27911776›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2016

Evaluating early-warning indicators of critical transitions in natural aquatic ecosystems.

Alena Sonia Gsell, Ulrike Scharfenberger, Deniz Özkundakci, Annika Walters, Lars-Anders Hansson, Annette B G Janssen, Peeter Nõges, Philip C Reid, Daniel E Schindler, Ellen Van Donk and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Early Warning Signals in Ecological Time-Series.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Revealing unseen dynamical regimes of ecosystems from population time-series data.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Early warnings for multi-stage transitions in dynamics on networks.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Regime shifts, trends, and variability of lake productivity at a global scale.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022
    Article
  14. Scaling up our understanding of tipping points.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022
    Review
  15. Structure-based identification of sensor species for anticipating critical transitions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021
    Article
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Alena Sonia GsellEcosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany; a.gsell@nioo.knaw.nl.ORCID 0000-0001-7795-1996
Ulrike ScharfenbergerEcosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany.
Deniz ÖzkundakciWaikato Regional Council, 3216 Hamilton, New Zealand.
Annika WaltersWyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, US Geological Survey, Laramie, WY 82071.
Lars-Anders HanssonDepartment of Biology, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden.
Annette B G JanssenAquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Peeter NõgesCentre for Limnology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 61117 Tartumaa, Estonia.
Philip C ReidThe Laboratory, Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, Plymouth PL1 2PB, United Kingdom.
Daniel E SchindlerSchool of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.
Ellen Van DonkAquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Vasilis DakosInstitute of Integrative Biology, Center for Adaptation to a Changing Environment, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.
Rita AdrianEcosystem Research, Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, 12587 Berlin, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ecosystems can show sudden and persistent changes in state despite only incremental changes in drivers. Such critical transitions are difficult to predict, because the state of the system often shows little change before the transition. Early-warning indicators (EWIs) are hypothesized to signal the loss of system resilience and have been shown to precede critical transitions in theoretical models, paleo-climate time series, and in laboratory as well as whole lake experiments. The generalizability of EWIs for detecting critical transitions in empirical time series of natural aquatic ecosystems remains largely untested, however. Here we assessed four commonly used EWIs on long-term datasets of five freshwater ecosystems that have experienced sudden, persistent transitions and for which the relevant ecological mechanisms and drivers are well understood. These case studies were categorized by three mechanisms that can generate critical transitions between alternative states: competition, trophic cascade, and intraguild predation. Although EWIs could be detected in most of the case studies, agreement among the four indicators was low. In some cases, EWIs were detected considerably ahead of the transition. Nonetheless, our results show that at present, EWIs do not provide reliable and consistent signals of impending critical transitions despite using some of the best routinely monitored freshwater ecosystems. Our analysis strongly suggests that a priori knowledge of the underlying mechanisms driving ecosystem transitions is necessary to identify relevant state variables for successfully monitoring EWIs.

Indexed as

EcosystemFresh WaterModels, BiologicalAnimalsBiostatisticsClimateEutrophicationFood ChainLakesPredatory BehaviorTime Factorscompetitionintraguild predationresilience indicatorstime seriestrophic cascade

Identifiers

PMID27911776
PMCPMC5167183

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.