ReviewBiochemical Society transactions2016
The Warburg effect: 80 years on.
Review in Biochemical Society transactions, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 278 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
278 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nitric oxide-driven Warburg reprogramming at the NOS2-COX2 axis: An integrative engine of cancer hallmarks.Redox biology · 2026Review
- Study of the Cytotoxic Effects of Au@Rh Core-Shell Metal Particles on the Osteosarcoma Cell Line HOS and the hFOB Osteoblast Cell Line.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Stimuli-Responsive Polyethylenimine Derivatives as Carriers for siRNA Delivery: Current Solutions and Future Perspectives.ACS omega · 2026Review
- Rosindol: A fluorogen for the quantitative measurement of reactive oxygen species in living cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Modulatory effects of Pioglitazone on the CAF-driven malignant phenotype in cervical cancer: an in vitro bidirectional study.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- The return of metabolism: biochemistry and physiology of glycolysis.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- Monocyte-mediated metabolic rewiring via CD31-CD38 interactions promotes growth and drug-resistance in multiple myeloma.HemaSphere · 2026Article
- Review
- Remodeling of Metabolic and Secretory Organelles During Oncogenic and Oncomodulatory Viral Infections.Viruses · 2026Review
- Inhibition of MID1IP1 induces ferroptosis and suppresses c-Myc expression in colorectal cancer cell.Genes & genomics · 2026Article
- Electroacupuncture and Moxibustion Regulate Aerobic Glycolysis and Alleviate Tumor Progression in Mice with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Journal of hepatocellular carcinoma · 2026Article
- Prospective Breast Cancer Biomarkers Identified Using miR-526b-Driven Metabolic Alterations.Cancer informatics · 2026Article
- PKM2 mediates the glycolytic response to matrix stiffness in lung fibroblasts.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Host systemic metabolism and cancer metabolic vulnerabilities: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Five energy metabolism pathways show distinct regional distributions and lifespan trajectories in the human brain.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Targeting the Glutaminolysis Pathway in Glaucoma-Associated Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Investigating the Anticancer Effects of Sulforaphane in an In Vitro Coculture Model of Prostate Cancer Cells with Engineered Heart Tissue.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Photoacoustic Chemical Imaging of Tumor Microenvironment pH for Prediction of Chemotherapeutic Efficacy in Breast Cancer.Nano letters · 2025Article
- Bioenergetics of cancer cells: insights into the Warburg effect and regulation of ATP synthase.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of aPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
218 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influential research by Warburg and Cori in the 1920s ignited interest in how cancer cells' energy generation is different from that of normal cells. They observed high glucose consumption and large amounts of lactate excretion from cancer cells compared with normal cells, which oxidised glucose using mitochondria. It was therefore assumed that cancer cells were generating energy using glycolysis rather than mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and that the mitochondria were dysfunctional. Advances in research techniques since then have shown the mitochondria in cancer cells to be functional across a range of tumour types. However, different tumour populations have different bioenergetic alterations in order to meet their high energy requirement; the Warburg effect is not consistent across all cancer types. This review will discuss the metabolic reprogramming of cancer, possible explanations for the high glucose consumption in cancer cells observed by Warburg, and suggest key experimental practices we should consider when studying the metabolism of cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.