ArticleAutophagy2017
A functional nanocarrier that copenetrates extracellular matrix and multiple layers of tumor cells for sequential and deep tumor autophagy inhibitor and chemotherapeutic delivery.
Article in Autophagy, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interpreting the Theranostic Applications of Alumina and Silica Substrates in Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Autophagy-Targeting Nanomedicine: Strike at the Heart of the Cancer via Precise Modulation of Autophagy.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2025Review
- Review
- Autophagy Modulators: Mechanistic Aspects and Drug Delivery Systems.Biomolecules · 2019Review
- Exploiting Nanomaterial-mediated Autophagy for Cancer Therapy.Small methods · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To further enhance the intensity of deep tumor drug delivery and integrate a combined therapy, we herein report on a core-shell nanocarrier that could simultaneously overcome the double barriers of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and multiple layers of tumor cells (MLTC). A pH-triggered reversible swelling-shrinking core and an MMP2 (matrix metallopeptidase 2) degradable shell were developed to encapsulate chemotherapeutics and macroautophagy/autophagy inhibitors, respectively. MMP2 degraded the shell, which was followed by the autophagy inhibitors' release. The exposed core could diffuse along the pore within the ECM to deliver chemotherapeutics into deep tumors, and it was able to swell in lysosomes and shrink back in the cytoplasm or ECM. The swelling of the core resulted in the rapid release of chemotherapeutics to kill autophagy-inhibited cells. After leaving the dead cells, the shrinking core could act on neighboring cells that were closer to the center of the tumor. The core thus could also cross MLTC layer by layer to deliver chemotherapeutics into the deep tumor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.